77 research outputs found
Pakistani Migration to the United States:An Economic Perspective
The 9-11 attack on the US brought a set of changes in overseas migration from Pakistan. One
such change is the sharp increase in remittances sent from the United States. The paper
argues that the characteristics of remittances from the United States differ from those
originating in the Middle East. Just as the overseas Pakistani communities are diversified, the
nature and characteristics of remittances are heterogeneous, depending on where they come
from and who sends them. While the importance of remittance flows from the United States
is rising, not much academic attention has been paid to this issue because of a lack of data.
To better understand the reasons behind the increase in US remittances, and in order to
evaluate their sustainability, household surveys are necessary.Labor migration, Remittances, Pakistan, United States, Emigrant remittances, Migration, Migrant labor
The determinants of rural electrification in Bihar, India
This paper explores intra-state disparity in access to electricity and examines the determinants of electrification at the village level in Bihar, one of the underdeveloped states in India. Our field survey of 80 villages in 5 districts conducted in 2008-09 found that 48 villages (60%) are electrified when using the definition of electrification that a village is electrified if any one household in the village is connected to electricity. The degrees of “electrification†in terms of the proportion of household connection and available hours of electricity remain by and large low, and at the same time differ across districts, villages and seasons. In the processes of electrification, approximately 40% of villages have been electrified in recent years. Based on the basic findings of the survey, this paper examines the electrification processes and how it has changed in recent years. The econometric analyses demonstrate that location is the most important determinant of a village’s electricity connection. Another important finding is that with the rapid progress of rural electrificationunder the recent government programme and the tendency to connect the villages which are easily accessible, the collective bargaining power of the village, which used to significantly affect the process of electrification, has lost influence. This adversely affects remote villages. In order to extend electricity supplies to remote and geographically disadvantaged villages, the government needs to consider seriously other options for sustainable electricity supply, such as decentralized distribution of electricity rather than the conventional connection through the national/local grids.India, Electric power generation, Rural societies, Rural electrification
Chapter 2 Labor Migration from Rural Pakistan: Evidence from Villages in A rain-Fed of Punjab
Part Two- Remittance Inflows, Growth, and Poverty- Migration and Poverty in Bangladesh: Ironies and Paradoxes
Pakistani Migration to the United States:An Economic Perspective
The 9-11 attack on the US brought a set of changes in overseas migration from Pakistan. Onesuch change is the sharp increase in remittances sent from the United States. The paperargues that the characteristics of remittances from the United States differ from thoseoriginating in the Middle East. Just as the overseas Pakistani communities are diversified, thenature and characteristics of remittances are heterogeneous, depending on where they comefrom and who sends them. While the importance of remittance flows from the United Statesis rising, not much academic attention has been paid to this issue because of a lack of data.To better understand the reasons behind the increase in US remittances, and in order toevaluate their sustainability, household surveys are necessary
Part Two- Remittance Inflows, Growth, and Poverty- The Impact of Workers\u27 Remittances on Economic Growth
The determinants of rural electrification in Bihar, India
This paper explores intra-state disparity in access to electricity and examines the determinants of electrification at the village level in Bihar, one of the underdeveloped states in India. Our field survey of 80 villages in 5 districts conducted in 2008-09 found that 48 villages (60%) are electrified when using the definition of electrification that a village is electrified if any one household in the village is connected to electricity. The degrees of “electrification” in terms of the proportion of household connection and available hours of electricity remain by and large low, and at the same time differ across districts, villages and seasons. In the processes of electrification, approximately 40% of villages have been electrified in recent years. Based on the basic findings of the survey, this paper examines the electrification processes and how it has changed in recent years. The econometric analyses demonstrate that location is the most important determinant of a village’s electricity connection. Another important finding is that with the rapid progress of rural electrificationunder the recent government programme and the tendency to connect the villages which are easily accessible, the collective bargaining power of the village, which used to significantly affect the process of electrification, has lost influence. This adversely affects remote villages. In order to extend electricity supplies to remote and geographically disadvantaged villages, the government needs to consider seriously other options for sustainable electricity supply, such as decentralized distribution of electricity rather than the conventional connection through the national/local grids
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