La promozione dell'auto-sviluppo: il crash programme in Somalia

L'articolo esamina l'esperienza maturata a partire dal 1970 nella Repubblica Democratica Somala con il "Crash Programme", un programma di sviluppo economico, basato sul lavoro volontario. Si sottolinea in particolar modo il ruolo determinante di questo sistema nel promuovere forze e meccanismi autonomi di evoluzione economica e sociale.Maqaalku wuxuu ka hadlayaa khibraddii mashruuca Karaash brogram oo Jamhuuriyadda Demoqaratiga Soomaaliyeed ay hirgalisay laga billaabo 1970kii, kaasoo ahaa mashruuc horumirin dhaqaale, oo ku salaysanaa hawsha iskaa waxuqabso.The article examines the experience gained since 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Somalia with the "Crash Programme",an economic development program, based on voluntary work. In particular, it underlines the crucial role of this system in promoting autonomous forces and mechanisms of economic and social development

NAF and GAF: Linking Linguistic Annotations

Interdisciplinary research between computational linguistics and the Semantic Web is increasing. The NLP community makes more and more use of information presented as Linked Data. At the same time, an increasing interest in representing information from text as Linked Data can be observed in the Semantic Web community. It is however not necessarily straightforward to adapt existing NLP modules so that they can read in and produce linguistic annotations in RDF. This paper presents the representations we use in two projects that involve both directions of interaction between NLP and the Semantic Web. In previous work, we have shown how instances represented in RDF can be linked to text and linguistic annotations using GAF. In this paper, we address how we can make further use of Linked Data by using its principles in linguistic annotations

BiographyNet: Extracting Relations between People and Events

This paper describes BiographyNet, a digital humanities project (2012-2016) that brings together researchers from history, computational linguistics and computer science. The project uses data from the Biography Portal of the Netherlands (BPN), which contains approximately 125,000 biographies from a variety of Dutch biographical dictionaries from the eighteenth century until now, describing around 76,000 individuals. BiographyNet's aim is to strengthen the value of the portal and comparable biographical datasets for historical research, by improving the search options and the presentation of its outcome, with a historically justified NLP pipeline that works through a user evaluated demonstrator. The project's main target group are professional historians. The project therefore worked with two key concepts: "provenance" -understood as a term allowing for both historical source criticism and for references to data-management and programming interventions in digitized sources; and "perspective" interpreted as inherent uncertainty concerning the interpretation of historical results.Comment: 35 pages, 5 figures, \'A. Z. Bern\'ad, C. Gruber, M. Kaiser (editors). Europa baut auf Biographien: Aspekte, Bausteine, Normen und Standards f\"ur eine europ\"aische Biographik (2017

Digital History: Towards New Methodologies

The field of Digital Humanities is changing the way historians do their research. Historians use tools to query larger data sets and they apply a different methodology to tackle certain research questions. In this paper we will discuss two propositions on the necessity of adapting to and taking advantage of the technological changes: (1) Digital Humanities tools are not the enemy of the historian, but they need to be used in a proper way. This requires historians to make ‘tool criticism’ part of their methodological toolkit; (2) Digital Humanities tools allow for a more data-driven and bottom-up approach to historical research. This eliminates some of the historian’s preconceptions that are inevitably part of more traditional historical research