Corresponding Author The Antibiotic Resistant Patterns of Bacterial Flora of Fish from Different Aquatic Environments from Ibadan, South-west Nigeria Obuko: The Antibiotic Resistant Patterns of Bacterial Flora of Fish from Different Aquatic Environments f

ABSTRACT The physico-chemical properties, bacteriological qualities and antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated bacteria from different aquatic environments and fish obtained randomly at different locations in Ibadan, South West Nigeria were studied. Two hundred and ten samples of fish and water were collected randomly and analysed for bacteriological quality. Antibiotic sensitivity of strains was done using the disc diffusion method. The Antibiotic sensitivity tests conducted on the bacteria isolates revealed multiple drug resistance of four to eight antibiotics among the 32 strains of bacteria belonging to the genera Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Salmonella and Streptococcus. The relatively high level of resistance to antimicrobial agents is a reflection of misuse or abuse of these agents in the environment The study established the incidence of contributive resistant bacteria for bacteria isolated from different aquatic environments, captured and cultured fish which have a lot of implication on the safety of the public

Steepest Ascent Low/Non-Low-Frequency Ratio in Empirical Mode Decomposition to Separate Deterministic and Stochastic Velocities From a Single Lagrangian Drifter

The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013500SOund Fixing And Ranging (RAFOS) floats deployed by the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in 4 the California Current system from 1992 to 2001 at depth between 150 and 600 m (http://www.oc.nps.edu/ 5 npsRAFOS/) are used to study 2-D turbulent characteristics. Each drifter trajectory is adaptively decomposed 6 using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with corre- 7 sponding specific scale for each IMF. A new steepest ascent low/non-low-frequency ratio is proposed in this 8 paper to separate a Lagrangian trajectory into low-frequency (nondiffusive, i.e., deterministic) and high- 9 frequency (diffusive, i.e., stochastic) components. The 2-D turbulent (or called eddy) diffusion coefficients 10 are calculated on the base of the classical turbulent diffusion with mixing length theory from stochastic 11 component of a single drifter. Statistical characteristics of the calculated 2-D turbulence length scale, 12 strength, and diffusion coefficients from the NPS RAFOS data are presented with the mean values (over the 13 whole drifters) of the 2-D diffusion coefficients comparable to the commonly used diffusivity tensor method

The Dynamics of Group Cognition

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the postulation of irreducible, distributed cognitive systems (or group minds as they are also known in the literature) is necessary for the successful explanatory practice of cognitive science and sociology. Towards this end, and with an eye specifically on the phenomenon of distributed cognition, the debate over reductionism versus emergence is examined from the perspective of Dynamical Systems Theory (DST). The motivation for this novel approach is threefold. Firstly, DST is particularly popular amongst cognitive scientists who work on modelling collective behaviors. Secondly, DST can deliver two distinct arguments in support of the claim that the presence of mutual interactions between group members necessitates the postulation of the corresponding group entity. Thirdly, DST can also provide a succinct understanding of the way group entities exert downward causation on their individual members. The outcome is a naturalist account of the emergent, and thereby irreducible, nature of distributed cognitive systems that avoids the reductionists’ threat of epiphenomenalism, while being well in line with materialism