Zagrożenia związane z transportem drogowym towarów niebezpiecznych a tunele drogowe

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące zagrożeń związanych z transportem towarów niebezpiecznych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tuneli drogowych. Omówiono także podstawowe regulacje prawne europejskie i krajowe z zakresu bezpieczeństwa przewozu towarów niebezpiecznych przez tunele drogowe.The article refers to risks concerning transport of dangerous goods, especially that performed through road tunnels. It also gives an overview of basic European and national regulations related to safety during transport of such goods

The impact of design and executive errors affecting the damage to the floor of the concert hall

Purpose: The aim of the article is to demonstrate the influence of errors and performance errors that affect the damage to the concert hall floor. Design/methodology/approach: When the project was launched, cracks appeared which made the floor unsuitable for further use. In order to determine the cause of the damage, the team conducted a detailed structural health analysis. Findings: The documents used for the analysis included the submitted project records, as well as the actual state of the structure. Research limitations/implications: First, the design team checked the design records for the rooms used for statistical calculations. The arrangement of the floor layers, which was not in accordance with the original design documents, overloaded the load-bearing structure of the Ackerman ceiling. Practical implications: Engineers identified other flawed design guidelines that added to the damage. As a solution, the client followed one of the solutions proposed by the original renovation team. Originality/value: Before the commencement of construction works, an analysis of design solutions and executive assumptions is required, as they may affect the previously made elements of the building structure

Safe operation of buildings during the winter period

Purpose The article presents legal regulations and principles for the safe operation of buildings in winter and proposes a procedure for clearing snow from flat roofs. Findings The Construction Law regulates the activities involving building design, construction, maintenance, and demolition and defines the operation principles of public administration bodies in these areas. Research limitations/implications The safety of buildings in the winter requires specialist knowledge and special care on the part of managers, employers, persons managing employees, and employees performing work related to their safe operation. Practical implications The safe removal of snow from flat roofs requires adequate legal knowledge, skills, training, and experience on the part of employers, managers, and workers. The employer's most important obligations to employees in the case of snow clearance work on flat roofs (tantamount to work at height) include providing them with protective equipment appropriate to their position and tasks, with collective protective equipment. The employer is obliged to ensure that persons who carry out work at height are assisted by other employees who do not carry out such work directly. The employer should also ensure that workers receive instruction, taking into account, in particular, the personal division of work, the sequence of tasks to be performed, and the health and safety rules necessary for the various activities. It is also necessary to establish supervision of work at height. Originality/value Employees carrying out snow clearing should have a current height examination and hold a valid (current) medical certificate of no contraindication to work at height. The employee must also receive health and safety training prior to working at height, as well as an introduction to the specifics of the job, know the potential hazards and risks, and learn to use the personal protective equipment required for the job properly

Analysis of design solutions for strengthening the load-bearing structure of a building for further safe use

Purpose: The article present issues related to strengthening the supporting structure of swimming pool in a primary school building paying special attention to the damaged reinforced concrete pillars of supports. Design/methodology/approach: Analysis of design solutions strengthening the supporting structure of the building for further safe use. Findings: Engineers noticed multiple cracks and deformations in rebar while performing on-site verification. Three posts (pillars) were damaged in the basement rooms and needed repair. Research limitations/implications: Structural elements of building structures wear out over time and cause damage that requires repair. The scope of repair works should be designed and carried out in accordance with applicable law. Practical implications: The solution, which has been designed in great detail, allows the building to continue working without the risk of damaging the structure. Originality/value: Due to the scale of damage to the reinforced concrete columns in the basement of the building, it was necessary to protect the facility against a construction failure

Culture on construction objects

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the problem of culture in the workplace, which has been becoming increasingly popular recently. Findings Culture has many meanings and synonyms in the Polish language - we can talk about good manners, rules of savoir-vivre, social etiquette, or politeness. Most people intuitively know how to behave in situations outside of work. In recent years, discussions about culture in the workplace have appeared more often. It is particularly relevant in the construction industry at a time when new forms of employment are emerging and many organisations are undergoing restructuring processes. Research limitations/implications It results in, among others, high staff turnover, the employment of more contract workers, frequent changes in the working environment, and working on different construction sites. In such cases, the direct and long-term impact of supervision on maintaining safe and cultural working conditions is increasingly limited. The responsibility should be borne by all site personnel, who should adopt an attitude of active and continuous concern for the culture and safety of their own behaviour and that of others and be personally involved in the process of developing cultural and safe attitudes on construction sites. The article defines culture and suggests its application on construction sites. Practical implications Consequences include high rates of staff turnover, the need to bring in outside contractors, constant shifts in the workplace culture, and the need to work at many sites. The ability of supervision to provide a safe and satisfactory work environment, both now and in the future, is diminished under those circumstances. All construction workers should take responsibility and adopt an attitude of active and continuous concern for the culture and safety of their behaviour and that of others and be personally involved in the process of shaping cultural and safe attitudes on construction sites. Originality/value The paper defines culture and proposes its use on construction sites

Formation of the attitudes and behaviours of employees in the context of safe operation of buildings on the example of the University of Agribusiness in Lomza

Purpose The issue of shaping the attitude of employee involvement in an organisation is a relatively new area of scientific interest. Shaping employees' attitudes, understood as a conscious influence to consolidate or change them so that they are conducive to the safe operation of building objects, should be of significant importance for any organisation. Attitude is related to behaviour, the most elementary form of human activity, which is externally observable. Design/methodology/approach Statistical analysis. Findings The issue of shaping organisational attitudes and behaviours is related to the need to consider the factors that trigger the change process. It is important to diagnose whether the engine of change is the person with a specific attitude or elements from his environment. Research limitations/implications The article presents a theoretical introduction and the results of diagnostic tests. It proposes actions shaping the attitudes and behaviour of employees regarding the safe operation of buildings, based on the example of the University of Agribusiness in Lomza. Practical implications The classical approach to the safety of buildings focuses primarily on the technical and engineering side of the building. Planners, designers, contractors, and users of buildings strive to make them the least hazardous to health and life, especially during the operation of the building. At the same time, it is important to bear in mind that safe operation is influenced by the behaviour of facility users, as they are the weakest link in management. Consequently, this is where the reserves for raising the health and safety of building users to a higher level still lie. Originality/value One of the main factors significantly influencing how an individual will behave when placed in a risky situation is how they perceive the risks involved. People's beliefs about various things can influence their behaviour more strongly than objective reality. To activate the reserves hidden in human behaviour to improve the safety level of buildings, it is necessary to fully recognise the causes and mechanisms that lead users to risky actions. Those behaviours allow the application of appropriate training and supervision methods, and more broadly of management methods, which would induce users to behave safely and to react consciously, directly or indirectly, to emerging risks during the operation of the works

Technical safety considerations for construction sites

Purpose The article introduces the issue of technical safety, characterises selected activities that create hazards on construction sites and suggests ways to eliminate them. Findings Knowledge of reliability is essential to carry out construction works. The need for the structural engineer to consider safety issues and the obligation to have a general knowledge of safety and technical safety arises. Knowledge of technical safety allows for the proper execution of works on site. Research limitations/implications The level of safety on a construction site depends on many factors, and a significant group of these are technical factors that determine the possibility of adverse events occurring. Practical implications Safety is defined as a state that provides a sense of certainty and a guarantee that it will be maintained and an opportunity for improvement. The level of safety on a construction site depends on many factors, and a significant group of these are technical factors that determine the possibility of adverse events occurring. The possibility of adverse events occurring is called unreliability. It is the opposite concept of the reliability, which is more commonly used in the construction industry. Originality/value A useful tool for ensuring technical safety on construction sites is the Health and Safety Plan or HSE Plan, and the Instructions for the Safe Execution of Work - IBWR instructions. Those documents are intended to protect the health and lives of workers by providing information on how to prevent hazards associated with the execution of certain construction work and how to deal with them should they occur

Proposals for improvement of safety management in the cycle of road transport of dangerous goods

Uwzględniając główną przyczynę zdarzeń awaryjnych w przewozie drogowym towarów niebezpiecznych - niezachowanie zasad bezpieczeństwa ruchu - określono rodzaje środków i działań umożliwiających poprawę bezpieczeństwa ich transportu. Wykonane analizy wykazały, że system szkolenia osób związanych z przewozem towarów niebezpiecznych, system organizacyjny jednostek ratownictwa PSP oraz procedury reagowania i zwalczania skutków awarii transportowych są zorganizowane w Polsce na wysokim poziomie i funkcjonują prawidłowo. W tej sytuacji zmniejszenie ryzyka wypadku drogowego o cechach poważnej awarii można osiągnąć w wyniku wyboru najbardziej właściwej trasy przewozowej. Została zaproponowana metoda wyboru najkorzystniejszej z punktu widzenia poziomu ryzyka przebiegu trasy przewozu towarów niebezpiecznych, oparta na ocenie pasa terenu 1,5 km od osi drogi pod względem demograficznym oraz występowania obiektów użyteczności publicznej i elementów środowiska o szczególnej wrażliwości, a także na ocenie szeregu parametrów techniczno-konstrukcyjnych trasy, dotyczących podstawowych cech ruchu drogowego.This article defines the types of measures and actions for improving safety of road transport of dangerous goods taking into account the main cause of accidents with the attributes of major accidents in road transport of dangerous goods, i. e., disregard for traffic rules. Analyses showed that the system of training persons involved in transport of dangerous goods, the organizational system of the State Fire Service rescue units, and the procedures for responding and mitigating the effects of transport accidents in Poland are good and that they function properly. In this situation, selecting the most appropriate transport routes can reduce the risk of an accident with the attributes of a major accident. This article proposes a method of selecting the least risky transport route for dangerous goods by evaluating a strip of land 15 km from the axis of the road in terms of demographics, public Utilities, particularly sensitive environment as well as by evaluating a number of technical and construction parameters of routes related to the basie features of road traffic