LBK settlement network in the eastern part of the Wiśnicz Foothills

The Foothills of the Northern Carpathian region were an important part of the ecumene of the Linear Pottery Culture (LBK), as witnessed by the repetitive pattern of settlement in such areas. Multiple sites associated with this archaeological culture can be found near the Raba basin in the region of Wieliczka and Bochnia, as well as in the Rzeszów Foothills. Among these, the complex of LBK sites in the Dunajec basin stands out, as most distant from settlement centres. The sites also represent a different settlement system than clusters uncovered in the upland areas: the sites are mostly located in the highest points in local topography and show a higher degree of centralisation. This study aims to include chronological data to the analysis of changes in this settlement system, with the use of a collection of radiocarbon data from the LBK sites in the foothills area of SE Poland. The general model of a probability distribution for the phenomenon was constructed and confronted with the data from individual sites from the Wiśnicz Foothills region. On this basis, a spatiotemporal simulation was performed, to illustrate changes in the settlement network changes over six centuries of the LBK activity. Additionally, regions threatened with higher erosion possibilities were identified, in which possible archaeological traces were not preserved. According to the known distribution of sites in space, these regions were populated with semi-randomly generated sites to perform a second simulation. While the available data allow only limited insight into the problem of settlement system changes over time, the approach used in the study seems to be relatively robust in visualising and identifying general patterns of this phenomenon. It provides an interesting exploratory method, allowing the formulation of further research questions concerning the changes in the LBK settlement system in the foothills area

Archeological materials from the Younger Stone Age from "Podgrodzie" site in Złota, Sandomierz County.

Niniejsza praca magisterska powstała w porozumieniu pomiędzy Instytutem Archeologii Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie i Państwowym Muzeum Archeologicznym w Warszawie. Obejmuje ona opracowanie materiału archeologicznego datowanego na młodszą epokę kamienia, który pochodzi ze stanowiska Podgrodzie w miejscowości Złota, w powiecie Sandomierskim. Podgrodzie było badane w latach 1929-1930 w ramach większej kampanii wykopaliskowej, obejmującej kilka stanowisk w tej lokalizacji pod przewodnictwem Józefa Żurowskiego. Jak dotąd nie pojawiła się jednak żadna praca prezentująca zabytki z młodszej epoki kamienia z tego stanowiska. Głównym celem pracy jest wprowadzenie materiałów z Podgrodzia do naukowego obiegu, ocena stanu zachowania i przydatności do dalszych rozważań. Kolejnym etapem jest analiza stylistyczna i technologiczna zabytków z Podgrodzia i próba rekonstrukcji faz użytkowania terenu, a następnie określenie relacji chronologicznej Podgrodzia i osady kultury lubelsko-wołyńskiej ze stanowisk Grodzisko I i II.This thesis was established in the agreement between the Institute of Archaeology at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow and the National Archaeological Museum in Warsaw. It includes the scientific description of archaeological material dating back to the younger Stone Age, which comes from site Podgrodzie in Złota, pow. Sandomierz. The site has been excavated in the years 1929-1930 as part of a larger campaign conducted by Józef Żurowski, covering several positions at this location. So far, however, there are no published work on subject of the Stone Age at this site. The main aim is to introduce materials from Podgrodzie to the scientific circulation, estimation of state of preservation of the material, and its usefulness for further consideration. The next step is to analyze stylistic and technological aspects of artifacts from Podgrodzie and attempt to reconstruct the phases of land use, and then determine a chronological relationship between Podgrodzie and settlement of Lublin-Volhynian Culture settlement from sites Grodzisko I and Grodzisko II

Begining of the Eneolithic in Eastern Hungary

Niniejsza praca odnosi się do początków eneolitu we wschodnich Węgrzech. W tym czasie, około 4500 lat B. C. kompleks kulturowy Tisza-Herpály-Csőszhalom został zastąpiony przez stosunkowo jednolitą wczesnoeneolitycznyą kulturę tiszapolgarską. Doszło w tym czasie do znacznych zmian w systemie osadniczym. Co więcej, od połowy piątego tysiąclecia używane były duże, niezależne od osiedli cmentarzyska. Porównanie informacji pochodzących z badań stanowisk wczesnego eneolitu dotyczące różnych aspektów funkcjonowania społeczeństw kultury tiszapolgarskiej z podobnymi danymi z późnego neolitu powinno wskazać czynniki, które doprowadziły do tych zmian.This paper refers to issue of begining of the Eneolithic in Eastern Hungary. At this time, ca. 4500 B.C. Late Neolithic Tisza-Herpály-Csőszhalom cultural complex was replaced by relatively homogeneous Early Eneolithic Tiszapolgár culture. At this time significant changes in settlement system have occured. Moreover, since from half of the fifth millenium large separated of settlement cementaries have been used. Information gained as an effect of surveying Early Eneolithic sites compared with parallel data from Late Neolithic should indicate some factors that conducted to these changes

Population mobility and lithic tool diversity in the Late Gravettian – The case study of Lubná VI (Bohemian Massif)

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordThis paper presents the results of excavations conducted at the Late Gravettian site of Lubná VI in 2012 and 2018. This site is an exceptional example of a short-term Late Gravettian campsite, occupied between 27.5 and 27.1 ka cal BP. Due to the specific location of this site, in an area situated far from lithic raw material sources, the archaeological remains offer a rare possibility to understand the subsistence strategy of highly mobile hunter-gatherers in the Late Pleistocene. The knapped lithic assemblage is composed of erratic Cretaceous flint imported over long distances, and the tool inventory is typical of Late Gravettian assemblages from Central Europe, with a dominance of burins and backed implements. However, the lack of chert and flint raw material in the vicinity of the site inspired the occupants to use bladelet blanks to make hunting weaponry from burin spalls. This specific behaviour is unique among Gravettian inventories known from the western Carpathians. Reindeer dominate the faunal assemblage over other species. The season of occupation at Lubná VI was probably early autumn, and may be associated with the maximum use of environmental resources by the hunter-gatherers. The small campsite was located at a convenient spot for processing reindeer carcasses, where some hearth stone constructions were arranged. Because there was no woody vegetation in the closest vicinity of the site, reindeer bones and fat were used as fuel in hearths. Given the lack of nearby flint raw materials, the accessibility of large numbers of reindeer near Lubná, probably present on a seasonal basis, explains the occurrence of Late Gravettian occupation in this micro-region.National Science Center, PolandMinistry for Innovation and TechnologyHungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA