2 research outputs found

    Practice of intercropping and its impact on legume productivity in Egypt

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    In Egypt, conserving irrigation water and raising crop output are significant concerns. Egypt's climate ranges from semi-arid and arid to desert. The number of summer legumes cultivated on a per-capita basis is declining. Excessively applied nitrogen (N) mineral fertilization and irrigation water are widespread agricultural techniques that harm the quality of the soil and the surrounding environment. It should be possible to increase overall agricultural yield while working with scarce agricultural resources through intercropping. In developing countries, intercropping is the most common farming system for increasing and maintaining agricultural production. As a widely spaced crop, maize provides ample opportunity for the practice of intercropping. Legumes are well-known for their effectiveness as intercropping companions. In light of this information, an investigation into the possibility of intercropping maize with legumes, specifically groundnut and green gram, was carried out. Seeds for groundnuts and green grams were sown between rows of paired row maize. The results demonstrated that the intercropping system had no considerable impact on maize grain and straw yields. However, there was a substantial disparity in total biomass production between the experiments; maize and groundnut (2:3) recorded the highest yield, followed by groundnut (2:2) and green gram (2:3). The land equivalent ratio (LER) unequivocally demonstrated the benefits of intercropping, and the highest LER was achieved by growing maize and groundnut (2:1)

    Об устойчивом вычислении нормали к поверхности, заданной приближённо

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    The paper proposes a stable method for constructing a normal to a surfacegiven approximately. The normal is calculated as the gradient of the function in thesurface equation. As is known, the problem of calculating the derivative is ill-posed.In the paper, an approach is adopted to solving this problem as to the problem ofcalculating the values of an unbounded operator. To construct its stable solution,the principle of minimum of the smoothing functional in Morozov’s formulationis used. The normal is obtained in the form of a Fourier series in the expansionin terms of eigenfunctions of the Laplace operator in a rectangle with boundaryconditions of the second kind. The functional stabilizer uses the Laplacian, whichmakes it possible to obtain a normal in the form of a Fourier series that convergesuniformly to the exact normal vector as the error in the surface definition tendsto zero. The resulting approximate normal vector can be used to solve variousproblems of mathematical physics using surface integrals, normal derivatives, simpleand double layer potentials.В работе предлагается устойчивый метод построения нормали к поверхности, заданной приближённо. Нормаль вычисляется как градиент функции в уравнении поверхности. Как известно, задача вычисления производной является некорректно поставленной. В работе принят подход к решению этой задачи как к задаче вычисления значений неограниченного оператора. Для построения её устойчивого решения используется принцип минимума сглаживающего функционала в формулировке Морозова. Нормаль получена в виде ряда Фурье в разложении по собственным функциям оператора Лапласа в прямоугольнике с краевыми условиями второго рода. В стабилизаторе функционала используется лапласиан, что позволяет получить нормаль в виде ряда Фурье, равномерно сходящегося к точному вектору нормали при стремлении к нулю погрешности в задании поверхности. Полученный приближенный вектор нормали может использоваться при решении различных задач математической физики, использующих поверхностные интегралы, нормальные производные, потенциалы простого и двойного слоя
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