The Genome, Genetic Genealogy Database (3g Database)

This is a qualitative research paper that used the content analysis method. Thirty-one sources which include journal articles, credible websites, and books were used to discuss the importance of having national and global genetic databases. DNA phenotyping is the technology used in criminal justice to identify crime suspects through observable traits in their DNA. This can play a key role in convicting the right crime perpetrators and avoiding future court appeals. It also helps during disaster recovery, where the victims are identified based on their DNA samples. Law enforcement agencies frequently use DNA to identify victims and solve high-profile cases such as murder. However, despite its success and usefulness in criminal justice, it faces some challenges. For example, there are often legislation limitations concerning access to and use of DNA evidence. In some countries, it is limited and can only be used for specific crimes; in others, it is widely used, but its use is limited in other ways, such as restrictions as evidence in court. It also faces ethical issues such as intentionally planting DNA samples or leaking sensitive information. Also, the public needs to fully support its use, even for low-profile cases. Despite these limitations, a universal DNA database would help reduce investigation costs and improve their effectiveness, sometimes even for property crimes. DNA is extremely useful due to its ability to solve complicated identity problems. An exemplary DNA database should contain DNA profiles for all citizens. Increasing the capacity of current databases, and connecting them to share information with authorized officials will help to create a robust DNA database for future generations

Managing Critical Factors Causing Delays in Public Construction Projects in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

This thesis examines factors contributing to delays in public construction projects in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the implications of applying project management knowledge, tools, and techniques in addressing the problem. Using a triangulation research approach, this study identifies factors influencing public construction delays in KSA and current knowledge of PM concepts for minimising construction delays. Based on the results from qualitative and quantitative studies undertaken, a framework for minimising delays was developed

STUDY OF ENHANCED ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF NIGELLA SATIVA IN TOPICAL NANOFORMULATION

Objective: Formulate a nanocarrier for enhancing the anti-inflammatory activity of thymoquinone (Tq), a major active constituent of Nigella sativa.Methods: Nanoformulation of Tq was developed by low energy emulsification techniques. NanoTqs were pre-screened by different thermodynamic stability tests, followed by in vitro release, zeta potential, viscosity, the transmittance (%), globule size distribution and ex vivo studies. The morphology of the optimized NanoTq was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which revealed fairly spherical shape and good correlation with particle size distribution study. The formulation used for assessment of the anti-inflammatory potential and permeability enhancement contained mixture of essential oil of Nigella sativa: Capryol 90 (3:7, 10%, v/v), Tween 80 (21.75%, v/v), PEG 400 (7.25%, v/v) and double distilled water (61%, v/v).Results: The in vitro permeation of Tq from optimized formulations was found extremely significant (p<0.001) in comparison to apiTq. The steady state flux (Jss), the permeability coefficient (Kp) and enhancement ratio (Er) of NanoTq gel was determined and compared with apiTq. The comparative anti-inflammatory effects of the optimized formulations NanoTq, apiTq and DicloGel was assessed on the edema in the carrageenan-induced paw model in Wistar rats. Therapeutic potential of NanoTq was found statistically extremely significant (P<0.0001) compared to apiTq and insignificant comparable with standard DicloGel. Storage stability of NanoTq showed insignificant changes in the zeta potential, droplet size and was free from any physical instability.Conclusion: The optimized nano formulation with a lower dose of Tq showed better anti-inflammatory effects, indicating greater absorption capability through the stratum corneum

Guidelines of Using Project Management Tools and Techniques to Mitigate Factors Causing Delays in Public Construction Projects in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Delays can be considered a common problem within public and private construction projects around the world but the problem is endemic in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) where massive public funds are lost every year as a result. Delays may have significant negative impact not only to the KSA public construction projects but also on its economic and social status. Although several studies have examined the factors influencing delays in public construction projects in KSA, little attention has been paid to how project management tools and methods have made any impact to the incidence of project delays. This paper aims to develop the mapping and the guidelines using the principles of Project Management, after reviewing the critical factors for delays in public construction projects in the KSA. A careful attention was given to investigate the critical factors that are causing delays in building projects within public sector in KSA and the current practices of project management applications in order to develop guidelines to effectively mitigate construction delays in KSA. This review paper reports the top critical factors associated with delays in construction projects in KSA. It also identify project management tools and techniques that if implemented properly have the potentials to address the main factors contributing to the occurrence of delays. Following this, a new guideline to utilize Project Management tools and techniques in addressing the identified delay factors is also provided here with the view to help practitioners to minimize the potentials of construction delays in the KSA public projects

5-Methyl-N'-[5-methyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonyl]-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbohydrazide, C22H22N8O2

C22H22N8O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.5175(5) Å, b = 7.9715(3) Å, c = 17.3941(5) Å, β = 90.005(3)°, V = 2151.61(12) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0592, wRref(F2) = 0.1780, T = 293(2) K

The crystal structure of N-(7-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-indazole-2-carbonothioyl)benzamide, C28H23F2N3OS

C28H23F2N3OS, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 20.3481(8) Å, b = 10.2647(4) Å, c = 23.6975(11) Å, β = 105.317(5)°, V = 4773.8(4) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0489, wRref(F2) = 0.1543, T = 296(2) K

The Role Of EI In Effective Leadership, In The Context Of Saudi Arab: A Systematic Review

Background: The field of Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a growing field reflecting its effectiveness in different professions and institutes. There is little evidence available to seek a comprehensive role of EI in effective leadership. This study explores the role of EI in effective leadership. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate how the component of EI plays an effective role in leadership, in the context of Saudi Arab. Method: For the purpose, a systematic approach was employed to identify and select relevant studies from key databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria ensured the consideration of studies published within 05 years that examined the role of EI for effective leadership. Data extraction and analysis were conducted to synthesize findings from 11 selected studies. Results: In total 130 articles were explored and only 03 were found very relevant and 28 somewhat relevant based on inclusion criteria. Findings revealed that EI play a key role in any field specifically in effective leadership and leadership skills including empathy, self-management, and self-awareness. However, limitations including selection bias were acknowledged. Conclusion: The study concludes that EI can enhance the leadership role and can bring very significant advancement in the field of leadership. Since, there was no studies found that studied exclusively EI in relation with effective leadership

Dose Optimization of Colistin: A Systematic Review

Colistin is considered a last treatment option for multi-drug and extensively resistant Gram-negative infections. We aimed to assess the available data on the dosing strategy of colistin. A systematic review was performed to identify all published studies on the dose optimization of colistin. Grey literature and electronic databases were searched. Data were collected in a specified form and the quality of the included articles was then assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort studies, the Cochrane bias tool for randomized clinical trials (RCT), and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical checklist for case reports. A total of 19 studies were included, of which 16 were cohort studies, one was a RCT, and two were case reports. A total of 18 studies proposed a dosing regimen for adults, while only one study proposed a dosing schedule for pediatric populations. As per the available evidence, a loading dose of 9 million international units (MIU) of colistin followed by a maintenance dose of 4.5 MIU every 12 h was considered the most appropriate dosing strategy to optimize the safety and efficacy of treatment and improve clinical outcomes. This review supports the administration of a loading dose followed by a maintenance dose of colistin in severe and life-threatening multi-drug Gram-negative bacterial infections