9,047 research outputs found
Statistical properties of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics for non-nucleon-emission and nucleon-emission processes
Statistical properties of the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) are
classical in the case of nucleon emission processes, while they are quantum
mechanical for the processes without nucleon emission. We first clarify that
there coexist mutually opposite two statistics in the AMD framework: One is the
classical statistics of the motion of wave packet centroids and the other is
the quantum statistics of the motion of wave packets which is described by the
AMD wave function. We prove the classical statistics of wave packet centroids
by using the framework of the microcanonical ensemble of the nuclear system. We
show that the quantum statistics of wave packets emerges from the classical
statistics of wave packet centroids. It is emphasized that the temperature of
the classical statistics of wave packet centroids is different from the
temperature of the quantum statistics of wave packets. We then explain that the
statistical properties of AMD for nucleon emission processes are classical
because nucleon emission processes in AMD are described by the motion of wave
packet centroids. When we improve the description of the nucleon emission
process so as to take into account the momentum fluctuation due to the wave
packet spread, the AMD statistical properties for nucleon emission processes
change drastically into quantum statistics. Our study of nucleon emission
processes can be conversely regarded as giving another kind of proof of the
fact that the statistics of wave packets is quantum mechanical while that of
wave packet centroids is classical.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX with revtex and epsf, uuenocded postscript figures,
postscript version available at http://pearl.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~ono
Antisymmetrized molecular dynamics of wave packets with stochastic incorporation of Vlasov equation
On the basis of the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) of wave packets
for the quantum system, a novel model (called AMD-V) is constructed by the
stochastic incorporation of the diffusion and the deformation of wave packets
which is calculated by Vlasov equation without any restriction on the one-body
distribution. In other words, the stochastic branching process in molecular
dynamics is formulated so that the instantaneous time evolution of the averaged
one-body distribution is essentially equivalent to the solution of Vlasov
equation. Furthermore, as usual molecular dynamics, AMD-V keeps the many-body
correlation and can naturally describe the fluctuation among many channels of
the reaction. It is demonstrated that the newly introduced process of AMD-V has
drastic effects in heavy ion collisions of 40Ca + 40Ca at 35 MeV/nucleon,
especially on the fragmentation mechanism, and AMD-V reproduces the
fragmentation data very well. Discussions are given on the interrelation among
the frameworks of AMD, AMD-V and other microscopic models developed for the
nuclear dynamics.Comment: 26 pages, LaTeX with revtex and epsf, embedded postscript figure
Isospin fractionation and isoscaling in dynamical nuclear collisions
Isoscaling is found to hold for fragment yields in the antisymmetrized
molecular dynamics (AMD) simulations for collisions of calcium isotopes at 35
MeV/nucleon. This suggests the applicability of statistical considerations to
the dynamical fragment emission. The observed linear relationship between the
isoscaling parameters and the isospin asymmetry of fragments supports the above
suggestion. The slope of this linear function yields information about the
symmetry energy in low density region where multifragmentation occurs.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
Using single quantum states as spin filters to study spin polarization in ferromagnets
By measuring electron tunneling between a ferromagnet and individual energy
levels in an aluminum quantum dot, we show how spin-resolved quantum states can
be used as filters to determine spin-dependent tunneling rates. We also observe
magnetic-field-dependent shifts in the magnet's electrochemical potential
relative to the dot's energy levels. The shifts vary between samples and are
generally smaller than expected from the magnet's spin-polarized density of
states. We suggest that they are affected by field-dependent charge
redistribution at the magnetic interface.Comment: 4 pages, 1 color figur
Dynamics of an Acoustic Polaron in One-Dimensional Electron-Lattice System
The dynamical behavior of an acoustic polaron in typical non-degenerate
conjugated polymer, polydiacetylene, is numerically studied by using
Su-Schrieffer-Heeger's model for the one dimensional electron-lattice system.
It is confirmed that the velocity of a polaron accelerated by a constant
electric field shows a saturation to a velocity close to the sound velocity of
the system, and that the width of a moving polaron decreases as a monotonic
function of the velocity tending to zero at the saturation velocity. The
effective mass of a polaron is estimated to be about one hundred times as heavy
as the bare electron mass. Furthermore the linear mode analysis in the presence
of a polaron is carried out, leading to the conclusion that there is only one
localized mode, i.e. the translational mode. This is confirmed also from the
phase shift of extended modes. There is no localized mode corresponding to the
amplitude mode in the case of the soliton in polyacetylene. Nevertheless the
width of a moving polaron shows small oscillations in time. This is found to be
related to the lowest odd symmetry extended mode and to be due to the finite
size effect.Comment: 12 pages, latex, 9 figures (postscript figures abailble on request to
[email protected]) to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. vol.65
(1996) No.
Selective d-state Conduction Blocking in Nickel Nanocontacts
The lowest conductance step for a Ni nanocontact is anomalously small in
comparison with the large expected number of conducting channels. We present
electronic structure calculations for an extremely idealized Ni nanobridge
consisting of just a monatomic nanowire. Our calculations show that no less
than eight single spin bands cross the Fermi level in a nonmagnetic Ni
monatomic wire, dropping marginally to seven in the more stable, fully
ferromagnetic state. However, when we build in the wire a magnetization
reversal, or domain wall, by forcing the net magnetization to be zero, we
suddenly find that d electrons selectively cease to propagate across the wall.
s electron propagation remains, and can account for the small observed
conductance steps.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, Surface Science, to appea
Critical Level Statistics in Two-dimensional Disordered Electron Systems
The level statistics in the two dimensional disordered electron systems in
magnetic fields (unitary ensemble) or in the presence of strong spin-orbit
scattering (symplectic ensemble) are investigated at the Anderson transition
points. The level spacing distribution functions 's are found to be
independent of the system size or of the type of the potential distribution,
suggesting the universality. They behave as in the small region in
the former case, while rise is seen in the latter.Comment: LaTeX, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. (Letter) Nov., Figures
will be sent on reques
Proton inelastic scattering to continuum studied with antisymmetrized molecular dynamics
Intermediate energy (p,px) reaction is studied with antisymmetrized
molecular dynamics (AMD) in the cases of Ni target with MeV
and C target with 200 and 90 MeV. Angular distributions for
various energies are shown to be reproduced well without any
adjustable parameter, which shows the reliability and usefulness of AMD in
describing light-ion reactions. Detailed analyses of the calculations are made
in the case of Ni target and following results are obtained: Two-step
contributions are found to be dominant in some large angle region and to be
indispensable for the reproduction of data. Furthermore the reproduction of
data in the large angle region \theta \agt 120^\circ for = 100 MeV
is shown to be due to three-step contributions. Angular distributions for
E_{p'} \agt 40 MeV are found to be insensitive to the choice of different
in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections and the reason of this
insensitivity is discussed in detail. On the other hand, the total reaction
cross section and the cross section of evaporated protons are found to be
sensitive to . In the course of the analyses of the calculations,
comparison is made with the distorted wave approach.Comment: 16 pages, 7 Postscript figure
Delta degrees of freedom in antisymmetrized molecular dynamics and (p,p') reactions in the delta region
Delta degrees of freedom are introduced into antisymmetrized molecular
dynamics (AMD). This is done by increasing the number of basic states in the
AMD wave function, introducing a Skyrme-type delta-nucleon potential, and
including reactions in the collision description.
As a test of the delta dynamics, the extended AMD is applied to (p,p)
recations at MeV for a C target. It is found that the
ratio and the absolute values for delta peak and quasielastic peak (QEP) in the
C(p,p) reaction are reproduced for angles \Theta_{\rm lab} \agt
40^\circ, pointing to a correct treatment of the delta dynamics in the
extended AMD. For forward angles the QEP is overestimated. The results of the
AMD calculations are compared to one-step Monte Carlo (OSMC) calculations and a
detailed analysis of multi-step and delta potential effects is given. As
important side results we present a way to apply a Gallilei invariant theory
for (N,N) reactions up to MeV which ensures
approximate Lorentz invariance and we discuss how to fix the width parameter
of the single particle momentum distribution for outgoing nucleons in the
AMD calculation.Comment: 28 pages, revtex, 12 figures included, figures are also available
upon request as postscript files from the authors (e-mail:
[email protected]), submitted to Phys. Rev.
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