7,554 research outputs found
Three-feature model to reproduce the topology of citation networks and the effects from authors' visibility on their h-index
Various factors are believed to govern the selection of references in
citation networks, but a precise, quantitative determination of their
importance has remained elusive. In this paper, we show that three factors can
account for the referencing pattern of citation networks for two topics, namely
"graphenes" and "complex networks", thus allowing one to reproduce the
topological features of the networks built with papers being the nodes and the
edges established by citations. The most relevant factor was content
similarity, while the other two - in-degree (i.e. citation counts) and {age of
publication} had varying importance depending on the topic studied. This
dependence indicates that additional factors could play a role. Indeed, by
intuition one should expect the reputation (or visibility) of authors and/or
institutions to affect the referencing pattern, and this is only indirectly
considered via the in-degree that should correlate with such reputation.
Because information on reputation is not readily available, we simulated its
effect on artificial citation networks considering two communities with
distinct fitness (visibility) parameters. One community was assumed to have
twice the fitness value of the other, which amounts to a double probability for
a paper being cited. While the h-index for authors in the community with larger
fitness evolved with time with slightly higher values than for the control
network (no fitness considered), a drastic effect was noted for the community
with smaller fitness
Structure-semantics interplay in complex networks and its effects on the predictability of similarity in texts
There are different ways to define similarity for grouping similar texts into
clusters, as the concept of similarity may depend on the purpose of the task.
For instance, in topic extraction similar texts mean those within the same
semantic field, whereas in author recognition stylistic features should be
considered. In this study, we introduce ways to classify texts employing
concepts of complex networks, which may be able to capture syntactic, semantic
and even pragmatic features. The interplay between the various metrics of the
complex networks is analyzed with three applications, namely identification of
machine translation (MT) systems, evaluation of quality of machine translated
texts and authorship recognition. We shall show that topological features of
the networks representing texts can enhance the ability to identify MT systems
in particular cases. For evaluating the quality of MT texts, on the other hand,
high correlation was obtained with methods capable of capturing the semantics.
This was expected because the golden standards used are themselves based on
word co-occurrence. Notwithstanding, the Katz similarity, which involves
semantic and structure in the comparison of texts, achieved the highest
correlation with the NIST measurement, indicating that in some cases the
combination of both approaches can improve the ability to quantify quality in
MT. In authorship recognition, again the topological features were relevant in
some contexts, though for the books and authors analyzed good results were
obtained with semantic features as well. Because hybrid approaches encompassing
semantic and topological features have not been extensively used, we believe
that the methodology proposed here may be useful to enhance text classification
considerably, as it combines well-established strategies
Da perceção subjetiva de discriminação à experiência de vitimação em contexto de vulnerabilidade socioeconómica: uma abordagem narrativa
Orientação: Joana Maria Barreto Ramos de Almeida CabralO fenómeno de discriminação socioeconómica é uma forma de discriminação cada vez mais
presente nas sociedades contemporâneas. O crescente acentuar da polarização
socioeconómica entre uns e outros, num mundo cada vez mais competitivo, menos
cooperante, tem favorecido o aumento acentuado da exclusão social.
No presente estudo procurou-se compreender a forma como a experiência de vitimação
decorrente da perceção de discriminação socioeconómica é subjetivamente construída em
contexto de vulnerabilidade socioeconómica, à luz do modelo ecológico e das abordagens
narrativas. O estudo envolveu 4 adultos, 3 do sexo masculino e 1 do feminino, com os quais
se procedeu à aplicação de uma entrevista semi-estruturada com base na qual se procurou
avaliar o impacto do tratamento discriminatório recebido no contacto de proximidade do
indivíduo com as várias esferas sociais, bem como avaliar a perceção individual da qualidade
de vida em contexto de vulnerabilidade socioeconómica.
De acordo com a literatura, para a compreensão da formação das identidades sociais e das
representações sociais por parte dos indivíduos, há que ter em conta os fatores individuais,
sociais e culturais que rodeiam os indivíduos, no tempo e no espaço. Neste estudo
propusemo-nos perceber a perceção que os indivíduos têm sobre a sua realidade-condição e
o sentido que a mesma assume para eles, e compreender as atitudes e comportamentos que
apresentam perante situações de discriminação socioeconómica. Os resultados deste estudo
ajudam a perceber a intersubjetividade inerente aos conceitos em estudo, nomeadamente na
relação como são percecionados, significados e operacionalizados pelos participantes. Os
participantes mencionam alterações nas relações interpessoais e intrapessoais decorrentes da
exclusão social. Os participantes apontam alterações de ordem estrutural, nomeadamente de
facilitação ao acesso a serviços de apoio instrumental por parte dos mais vulneráveis
socioeconomicamente, bem como alterações de caráter individual e educacional dos
excluídos e de quem os exclui.The phenomenon of socio-economic discrimination is a form of discrimination that is
increasingly present in contemporary societies. The growing accentuation of socio-economic
polarization between the two, in an increasingly competitive, less cooperative world, has
favored a sharp increase in social exclusion.
In the present study we tried to understand how the experience of victimization resulting
from the perception of socio-economic discrimination is subjectively constructed in a
context of socio-economic vulnerability, in light of the ecological model and narrative
approaches. The study involved 4 adults, 3 males and 1 females, with whom a semistructured
interview was carried out, based on which the impact of the discriminatory
treatment received in the proximity contact of the individual with the various social spheres,
as well as evaluating the individual perception of quality of life in a context of socioeconomic
vulnerability.
According to the literature, to understand the formation of social identities and social
representations by individuals, it is necessary to take into account the individual, social and
cultural factors that surround individuals in time and space. In this study we proposed to
perceive the individuals' perception of their reality-condition and the meaning it assumes for
them, and to understand the attitudes and behaviors that they present in situations of socioeconomic
discrimination. The results of this study help to understand the intersubjectivity
inherent to the concepts under study, namely in the relation how they are perceived, meaning
and operationalized by the participants. Participants mention changes in the interpersonal
and intrapersonal relationships resulting from social exclusion. The participants point out
structural changes, such as facilitating access to instrumental support services by the most
vulnerable socioeconomically, as well as changes in the individual and educational character
of the excluded and those who exclude them
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