Histochemical studies of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in the human intestinal tumors

The distribution and activities of five hydrolytic and eight oxidative enzymes were histochemically studied in 60 different tumors of the human intestines. Benign polyp showed similar activities of most enzymes as those in normal crypt cells of large intestine with exception of higher activity of succinic dehydrogenase in benign polyp than in crypt cells. Malignant polyp had higher activities of most oxidative enzymes. Reticulo-sarcoma had weak activities of all enzymes. Carcinoid had strong activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and isocitric dehydrogenase while very weak of succinic dehydrogenase. Carcinoma showed varying degrees of the activity of all enzymes. Alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase were almost negative in all cells but in the stromal elements their weak activities were sporadically observed. Most enzymes were decreased in the central area of the carcinoma cell nestle, while in the infiltrating area or in the margin of cell nestle they were not decreased and sometimes increased.</p

A histochemical study of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in an eosinophilic granuloma of parotid gland region

We experienced a case of eosinophilic granuloma in soft tissue, and demonstrated its patterns of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes histochemically. Neutrophils were rich in acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Eosinophils had much acid phosphatase and less other hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. Lymphocytes showed weak reaction in all enzymes. Lymph follicles and histiocytes or fibrocytes had moderately oxidative enzymes. Small blood vessels and collagen fibers were rich in alkaline phosphatase and had a moderate amount of oxidative enzymes and acid phosphatase.</p

Histochemical studies on enzyme activities of gastric carcinoma. II. Dehydrogenases

With gastric carcinomas the activities of eight dehydrogenases; succmlC, lactic, malic, &#945; glycerophosphate, glutamic, &#946;-hydroxybutyric, glucose-6-phosphate and isocitric dehydrogenase were statistically estimated. Principal findings may be briefly summarized as follows. These enzymatic activities differed considerably even in the same classification of carcinomas and generally ranged from strong to weak in the following order: lactic, malic, glucose-6-phosphate, isocitric, succinic, &#945;-glycerophosphate, glutamic and &#946;-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase. The activities of adenocarcinomas were stronger than those in simple ones, and these were not related appreciably to cell differentiation in adenocarcinomas except succinic, glutamic, glucose-6-phosphate and isocitric dehydrogenase. As for succinic dehydrogenase and NAD-linked dehydrogenases except for lactic dehydrogenase, the activities were strongest in intestinal metaplasia and early mucosal carcinomas, the next being in benign adenomatous polyps and weakest in the other carcinomas. As for NADP-linked dehydrogenases and lactic dehydronase, the activities were also strongest in intestinal metaplasia and early carcinomas, the second in the other carcinomas and the third in the benign polyps. Generally, these dehydrogenase activities were strongest in free carcinoma cells in blood and lymph vessels and in actively growing part of several carcinomas and weakest in the central area of tumors, especially almost negative in the central necrotic area.</p

Histochemical studies on enzyme activities of gastric carcinoma. I. Hydrolytic enzymes

The activities of five hydrolytic enzymes, alkaline and acid phosphataSe, beta-esterase, leucine aminopeptidase and beta-glucuronidase, of human gastric carcinomas from 180 patients were investigated histochemically. Alkaline phosphatase activity was almost negative in the carcinoma but was weakly positive in this tumor at times (about 10 to 20 per cent). Acid phosphatase activity which displayed a slightly increasing tendency of the reaction in poorly differentiated tumor was variegated and mainly from feeble to moderate in activity. Beta-esterase reaction was in varying degrees with each case, but more malignant the carcinomas, the weaker was the activity. Leucine aminopeptidase was positive in about 30 to 60 per cent of the specimens observed but the reaction was founded to be localized often in some areas and generally similar to alkaline phosphatase reaction. The activities of leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and beta-esterase were positive at a higher rate in mucinous carcinomas than in non-mucin producing one. Beta-glucuronidase activity was slight or moderate in general but rather strong in the early stage of carcinomas.</p

A histochemical study on hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in human sarcomas

Histochemical evaluations of human sarcomas such as reticulum cell sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, lymphosarcoma and neurofibrosarcoma, were carried out with five hydrolytic enzymes and eight oxidative enzymes. The activities of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were slightly positive in the neoplastic cells observed. Beta-esterase activity was also positive but varied according to the kind of sarcomas. Alkaline phosphatase activity was faint or negative in sarcoma cells, though positive in capillary walls. Leucine aminopeptidase activity was negative giving not any appreciable coloration of the cell as far as the method employed is concerned. Among the activities of dehydrogenases, the most intense activity was observed in lactic dehydrogenase. The activities of succinic and beta-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenases were slight. The activities of alpha-glycerophosphate, glutamic and betahydroxybutyric dehydrogenases were faint or slight. The activities of NADPlinked dehydrogenases, glucose-6-phosphate and isocitric dehydrogenase were all faint or slight in these sarcoma cells.</p

Detection of pairing correlation in the two-dimensional Hubbard model

Quantum Monte Carlo method is used to re-examine superconductivity in the single-band Hubbard model in two dimensions. Instead of the conventional pairing, we consider a `correlated pairing', \langle \tilde{c}_{i\uparrow} \tilde{c}_{i'\downarrow} %\tilde{c}_{j'\downarrow}^\dagger \tilde{c}_{j \uparrow}^\dagger \rangle with $\tilde{c}_{i\sigma} \equiv c_{i\sigma}(1-n_{i-\sigma})$, which is inferred from the $t$-$J$ model, the strong-coupling limit of the Hubbard model. The pairing in the $d$-wave channel is found to possess both a divergence like $1/T$ in the pairing susceptibility and a growth of the ground-state pairing correlation with sample size, indicating an off-diagonal long-range order near (but not exactly at) half-filling.Comment: 3 pages, revtex, 6 figures available on request from [email protected]

A crib-shaped triplet pairing gap function for an orthogonal pair of quasi-one dimensional Fermi surfaces in Sr2_2RuO4_4

The competition between spin-triplet and singlet pairings is studied theoretically for the tight-binding $\alpha$-$\beta$ bands in Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, which arise from two sets of quasi-one dimensional Fermi surfaces. Using multiband FLEX approximation, where we incorporate an anisotropy in the spin fluctuations as suggested from experiments, we show that (i) the triplet can dominate over the singlet (which turns out to be extended s), and (ii) the triplet gap function optimized in the Eliashberg equation has an unusual, very non-sinusoidal form, whose time-reversal-broken combination exhibits a crib-shaped amplitude with dips.Comment: 5 pages, RevTeX, to appear in Phys.Rev.B (Rapid Communications

Myofibroblasts impair myocardial impulse propagation by heterocellular connexin43 gap-junctional coupling through micropores

Aim: Composite population of myofibroblasts (MFs) within myocardial tissue is known to alter impulse propagation, leading to arrhythmias. However, it remains unclear whether and how MFs alter their propagation patterns when contacting cardiomyocytes (CMs) without complex structural insertions in the myocardium. We attempted to unveil the effects of the one-sided, heterocellular CM-MF connection on the impulse propagation of CM monolayers without the spatial insertion of MFs as an electrical or mechanical obstacle.Methods and results: We evaluated fluo8-based spatiotemporal patterns in impulse propagation of neonatal rat CM monolayers cultured on the microporous membrane having 8-μm diameter pores with co-culture of MFs or CMs on the reverse membrane side (CM-MF model or CM-CM model, respectively). During consecutive pacing at 1 or 2 Hz, the CM monolayers exhibited forward impulse propagation from the pacing site with a slower conduction velocity (θ) and a larger coefficient of directional θ variation in the CM-MF model than that in the CM-CM model in a frequency-dependent manner (2 Hz &gt;1 Hz). The localized placement of an MF cluster on the reverse side resulted in an abrupt segmental depression of the impulse propagation of the upper CM layer, causing a spatiotemporally non-uniform pattern. Dye transfer of the calcein loaded in the upper CM layer to the lower MF layer was attenuated by the gap-junction inhibitor heptanol. Immunocytochemistry identified definitive connexin 43 (Cx43) between the CMs and MFs in the membrane pores. MF-selective Cx43 knockdown in the MF layer improved both the velocity and uniformity of propagation in the CM monolayer.Conclusion: Heterocellular Cx43 gap junction coupling of CMs with MFs alters the spatiotemporal patterns of myocardial impulse propagation, even in the absence of spatially interjacent and mechanosensitive modulations by MFs. Moreover, MFs can promote pro-arrhythmogenic impulse propagation when in face-to-face contact with the myocardium that arises in the healing infarct border zone

Generation of spin-polarized currents in Zeeman-split Tomonaga-Luttinger models

In a magnetic field an interacting electron gas in one dimension may be described as a Tomonaga-Luttinger model comprising two components with different Fermi velocities due to the Zeeman splitting. This destroys the spin-charge separation, and even the quantities such as the density-density correlation involve spin and charge critical exponents (K). Specifically, the ratio of the up-spin and down-spin conductivities in a dirty system diverges at low temperatures like an inverse power of the temperature, $T^{-(K_{\uparrow}-K_{\downarrow})}$, resulting in a spin-polarized current. In finite, clean systems the conductance becomes different for up- and down-spins as another manifestation of the electron-electron interaction.Comment: 10 pages, RevTeX file, 3 figures available on request from [email protected]