Topological Symmetry, Background Independence, and Matrix Models

We illustrate a physical situation in which topological symmetry, its breakdown, space-time uncertainty principle, and background independence may play an important role in constructing and understanding matrix models. First, we show that the space-time uncertainty principle of string may be understood as a manifestation of the breakdown of the topological symmetry in the large $N$ matrix model. Next, we construct a new type of matrix models which is a matrix model analog of the topological Chern-Simons and BF theories. It is of interest that these topological matrix models are not only completely independent of the background metric but also have nontrivial "p-brane" solutions as well as commuting classical space-time as the classical solutions. In this paper, we would like to point out some elementary and unsolved problems associated to the matrix models, whose resolution would lead to the more satisfying matrix model in future.Comment: 19 pages, LaTex, Invited paper to appear in the special issue of the Journal of Chaos, Solitons and Fractals on "Superstrings, M, F, S, ....... Theory", edited by M.S. El Naschie and C. Castr

Hawking Radiation of a Charged Black Hole in Quantum Gravity

We study black hole radiation of a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole with an electric charge in the framework of quantum gravity. Based on a canonical quantization for a spherically symmetric geometry, under physically plausible assumptions, we solve the Wheeler-De Witt equation in the regions not only between the outer apparent horizon and the spatial infinity but also between the spacetime singularity and the inner apparent horizon, and then show that the mass loss rate of an evaporating black hole due to thermal radiation agrees with the semiclassical result when we choose an integration constant properly by physical reasoning. Furthermore, we also solve the Wheeler-De Witt equation in the region between the inner Cauchy horizon and the outer apparent horizon, and show that the mass loss rate of an evaporating black hole has the same expression. The present study is the natural generalization of the case of a Schwarzschild black hole to that of a charged Reissner-Nordstrom black hole.Comment: improved discussion in Section 3 and typos. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1503.0214

Antisymmetric Tensor Fields in the Locally Localized Gravity Models

We study the localization property of antisymmetric tensor fields in the locally localized gravity models. It is shown that all the antisymmetric tensor fields, including the vector field, in a bulk space-time are trapped on an $AdS$ brane by a gravitational interaction where the presence of the brane cosmological constant plays an important role as in the cases of the other bulk fields. The normalized zero-modes spread rather widely in extra space so small extra dimensions might be needed in order not to conflict with experiment.Comment: 9 pages, LaTex 2e, no figure

Evaporation of Three Dimensional Black Hole in Quantum Gravity

We discuss an evaporation of (2+1)-dimensional black hole by using quantum gravity holding in the vicinity of the black hole horizon. It is shown that the black hole evaporates at a definite rate by emitting matters through the quantum tunneling effect. A relation of the present formalism to the black hole entropy is briefly commented.Comment: 13 pages, phyzz

Classical Weyl Transverse Gravity

We study various classical aspects of the Weyl transverse (WTDiff) gravity in a general space-time dimension. First of all, we clarify a classical equivalence among three kinds of gravitational theories, those are, the conformally-invariant scalar tensor gravity, Einstein's general relativity and the WTDiff gravity via the gauge fixing procedure. Secondly, we show that in the WTDiff gravity the cosmological constant is a mere integration constant as in unimodular gravity, but it does not receive any radiative corrections unlike the unimodular gravity. A key point in this proof is to construct a covariantly conserved energy-momentum tensor, which is achieved on the basis of this equivalence relation. Thirdly, we demonstrate that the Noether current for the Weyl transformation is identically vanishing, thereby implying that the Weyl symmetry existing in both the conformally-invariant scalar tensor gravity and the WTDiff gravity is a "fake" symmetry. We find it possible to extend this proof to all matter fields, i.e. the Weyl invariant scalar, vector and spinor fields. Fourthly, it is explicitly shown that in the WTDiff gravity the Schwarzshild black hole metric and a charged black hole one are classical solutions to the equations of motion only when they are expressed in the Cartesian coordinate system. Finally, we consider the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology and provide some exact solutions.Comment: Dedicated to the memory of Mario Tonin, 39 page

Induced Gravity and Topological Quantum Field Theory

We construct an induced gravity (pregeometry) where both the Newton constant and the cosmological constant appear as integration constants in solving field equations. By adding the kinetic terms of ghosts and antighosts, an action of the induced gravity is transformed to a topological field theory. Moreover, by solving field equations of the topological field theory in the FRW universe, we find an inflation solution. The present study might shed some light on a close relationship between the induced gravity and the topological quantum field theory.Comment: 7 page