Issues of agriculture digitalization in the Russian Federation (legal aspect)

The President of the Russian Federation has set the task of achieving “digital maturity” of the key economic sectors, including agriculture, by 2030. At the same time, the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex is clearly lagging behind the pace of digital transformation in other sectors of the national economy. There are several reasons for this: the regulatory standards of the agricultural crops cultivation and the farm animals breeding are not perfect; the legal regulation of digitalization in the field of both production and agriculture is fragmented; the use of digital tools and information technologies in agricultural activities appears to be quite complicated. The article not only analyzes modern acts affecting the digital transformation of agriculture in the Russian Federation (including acts of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation) and the problems of their application, but also suggests measures aimed to stimulate agricultural producers and food-processing companies, introducing innovative digital technologies, as well as provides recommendations for the use of special legal regimes that entered into force in 2021

Assessment of the sustainability of multipliers as the core of the region's agroeconomic system

This article examines the role of multipliers – subsectors of agriculture, as the core of the agroeconomic system of any region, using the example of the Ural Federal Okrug, and also evaluates their sustainability based on materials from 2010-2015. Three basic subsectors are analyzed as multipliers: grain production, dairy farming and poultry farming. As a result of the author's calculations using the appropriate methods, a conclusion was drawn about the dependence of the basic industries on each other, as well as on the market model in a particular territory

Toxicity of yessotoxin in experiment in vivo

Yessotoxin (YTX) is a polyether. There are more than 90 known derivatives of yessotoxin. YTX was excluded from diarrhea toxins group as it, unlike okadaic acid, doesn't cause diarrhea. YTX chemical structure is similar to that of brevetoxins and ciguatoxins that influence functioning of calcium-sodium pump and trans-membrane ion channels. So, YTX can exert influence on functioning of all the organs and systems in a body. YTX is known to promote apoptosis in the cerebral tissues. Average lethal dose LD50 for YTX and its analogues varied from 100 µg/kg to 500-750 µg/kg; the figures were obtained in various experiments performed on mice. Safe YTX level for acute impact (acute reference dose) amounts to 25 μM/kg of body weight. Nowadays toxicity parameters for YTX and some of its analogues are determined; its basic action mechanisms and a role it plays in promoting apoptosis are well-known. In spite of more and more data on biological effects produced by YTX on a warm-blooded organism, experts are still unable to describe its action mechanisms precisely. Our research goal was to examine YTX toxicity in experiments in vivo in doses that were lower than the detected acute reference dose. The experiment was performed on 72 male Wistar rats with initial body weight being equal to 100±10 г. Animals were given dry balanced feedstuff produced by "Laboratortakorm" LLC (Russia) and had free access to it. We used YTX preparation produced by "National Research Council Canada" (Canada) in our experiment; the preparation was a methanol solution (YTX content was equal to 4.3 µmol). We determined mass of internal organs, biochemical and hematological blood parameters, apoptosis of brain cells, malonic dialdehyde level in the brain and reduced glutathione in the liver. We showed that YTX doses (2μM/kg, 8μM/kg and 12μM/kg) lower than ARfD=2μM/kg can exert toxic impacts on a warm-blooded organism. The obtain data prove it is necessary to additionally assess risks of an increase in maximum permissible YTX contents in shellfish from 1 mg/kg to 3.75 mg/kg