Formation of language competence: Modern issues and strategies in the area of cross-cultural communication

In the framework of globalisation, the development of cross-cultural communication skills is of high interest. However, there is no due attention paid to the development of intercultural language competence in all universities as well as the possibility to share it directly with native interlocutors of the other culture. The objective of the article is to define the critical complexities in the area of cross-cultural communication among those who study a foreign language. Another objective is to elaborate recommendations that will enable the solution of the issues in the area of cross-cultural communication within up-to-date education. As a result, the researchers' have organised and carried out the survey among 650 linguistic students of the 4th course from four largest Russian higher educational institutions (Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Higher School of Economics, Moscow State Institute of International Relations, and Moscow State University). The outcomes of the research can be used in future as the basis for the development of cross-cultural communication for university students, which should have cross-cultural competence. © 2019 Kosareva et al

MENTAL AND LANGUAGE SPACE OF RUSSIAN RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOURSE OF THE END OF XIX - BEGINNING OF XX

In article, language of the Russian religious and philosophical discourse of the end XIX- beginning of XX is considered. The originality of the Russian religious Renaissance, which is not either philosophy or literature, is described in traditional understanding. The mythology of a religious and philosophical discourse in which, the myth is way of expression of identity by the writer, his art picture of the world is analyzed. It is proved that the religious and philosophical discourse is a unity of art and philosophical creativity. Forms of representation of a discourse are philosophical poems, philosophical treatises, philosophical dialogues, aphorisms, monographs, articles, etc

Archaeomagnetic investigations in Bolgar (Tatarstan)

© 2020, The Author(s). The objective of this study is to provide a well-dated point for a future palaeosecular variation (PSV) reference curve for western Russia. For this purpose archaeomagnetic and magnetic property analyses were carried out on a pottery kiln unearthed at the UNESCO World Heritage site of ancient Bolgar, having a rather precise age dating. The archaeological context provided an age between 1340 and 1360 C.E. The characteristic remanence vector was determined through alternating field demagnetisation and Thellier-Thellier palaeointensity experiments. Some innovations were introduced regarding palaeointensity. The check testing the equality of blocking and unblocking temperature was redefined. This allowed waiving the commonly used additional zero-field cooling steps during the Thellier-Thellier experiment. Another innovation concerns the calculation of archaeointensity at structure level. A Bayesian approach was introduced for averaging individual specimen archaeointensities using a prior probability distribution of unknown uncertainties. Next, an additional prior probability distribution was used to correct for cooling rate effects. This resulted in a lower uncertainty compared to common practice and in eluding time consuming cooling rate experiments. The complex magnetic mineralogy consists of maghaemite, multi-domain haematite and Al-substituted haematite. Some samples contained also some non-stoichiometric magnetite. The magnetic mineralogy was determined through hysteresis loops, backfield and remanence decay curves, measurements of the frequency dependence of magnetic susceptibility and through low temperature magnetisation curves. Accompanying high-temperature thermomagnetic analyses revealed an excellent thermo-chemical stability of the studied specimens. Directions obtained from alternating field demagnetisation and those extracted from archaeointensity experiments are congruent and have low uncertainties. The obtained archaeomagnetic results are fairly in agreement with global geomagnetic field models and contemporary PSV data of the wider area. The geomagnetic field vector obtained for ancient Bolgar is of high quality, deserving thus its inclusion in a future PSV reference curve for European Russia