Factors of immunodeficiency in children with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome): a modern paradigm of immune and non-immune mechanisms

Down syndrome is the most common genetic disorder. Children with trisomy 21 often suffer from severe, prolonged respiratory infections, which is an immune system defect. Anatomical and functional defects of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems in children with Down syndrome may violate natural barriers and promote the development of infectious disease that should be taken into account when treating these patients. Congenital abnormalities of the immune system associated with trisomy 21 include: mild or moderate T and B cell lymphopenia with a significant decrease in native lymphocytes, mitogen-induced T cell proliferation, specific antibody response to immunization, and neutrophil chemotaxis defect. Today, the role of genes SOD1 and RCAN1 increased expression is proved in the development of primary immunodeficiency, deficiency of zinc and metabolic factors, which contribute to the immune disorders, increasing the risk of infection, and require further researches in Down syndrome

Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (review of modern literature — 2018)

The review deals with the systematization of mo­dern world ideas about pulmonary neuroendocrine cells and a disease associated with their hyperplasia — neuroendocrine hyperplasia in infants. The pathogenesis, clinical and instrumental diagnostic criteria are presented, as well as differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine hyperplasia of infancy and other interstitial diseases of the lungs in young children. An algorithm for the diagnosis, treatment at the present stage and the results of catamnestic observation of children suffered from neuroendocrine hyperplasia has been demonstrated

Interstitial lungs diseases in infants: acinar, alveolar and alveolar capillary dysplasia (2018 review of modern literature)

The article presents a clinical сase of alveolar capillary dysplasia in a child aged 3 months. The discussion included terminological aspects, pathomorphological, diagnostic criteria of diffuse lung developmental disorders. Modern principles of treatment for diseases are covered

Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis: an independent disease or morphological manifestation of the spectrum of interstitial lung diseases in infants?

The article presents a modern view on the problem of pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis, describes a typical clinical and morphological picture of the disease, and considers the disease etiology and the possibility of pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis to be as an independent form. The authors presented methods of modern diagnostics and treatment, as well as perspectives of studying this pathological condition in the world scientific community