Les principes d’une prévention de la récidive efficace : le modèle Risque-Besoins-Réceptivité

International audienceRecidivism prevention remains a crucial issue in France. While meta-analyses clearly indicated the effectiveness of the Risk-Need-Responsivity (R-N-R) model for assessment and rehabilitation, this model is not used in French probation services. The aim of this article is to introduce the R-N-R model, through an emphasis on its three main principles. A necessary continuity from assessment to intervention is highlighted. The article concludes by stressing the need to empirically evaluate the effectiveness of intervention to prevent recidivism.Alors qu’en France la prévention de la récidive reste l’objet d’importants débats, les données de la littérature internationale sont claires : bien qu’aucune intervention ne permette d’assurer un risque zéro, il est possible de prévenir la récidive. Le modèle du risque, des besoins et de la réceptivité (R-B-R) constitue le modèle d’intervention le plus probant en matière de prévention de la récidive. Cet article présente le modèle R-B-R, en insistant particulièrement sur ces trois principes prédominants. L’accent est mis sur l’importance d’articuler l’évaluation et l’intervention. Enfin, l’article conclut en rappelant la nécessité d’évaluer empiriquement l’efficacité des interventions destinées à prévenir la récidive

Selective attention and executive functions deficits among criminal psychopaths

The present study examined whether psychopaths exhibit deficits in selective attention and executive functions. Prison inmates were assigned to either a "psychopath" group or a "control" group according to their scores on the PCL-R [Hare, 1991: Toronto, Multi-Health Systems]. The two groups were compared in terms of performance on the following tests: (1) D-II cancellation, (2) Porteus Maze, (3) Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting, (4) Stroop Color Word Interference, (5) Trail Making, and (6) Tower of London. The results support the hypothesis of selective attention and specific executive function deficits among psychopaths. Specifically, psychopaths' abilities to maintain a plan and to inhibit irrelevant information were inferior to those of control participants. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc