Educational Inequality and Professional Motivation of a Future Teacher

The professional motivation and interest of the teacher in the students’ educational results are the key resources that allow educational institutions to minimize the existing inequality of educational opportunities for members of different social groups. On this point, one of the important issues of professional training of future teachers is the formation of motivation for their professional activity regarded as a factor that ensures the equality of educational opportunities for students from different social groups. Based on the results of empirical studies of different years, the article analyzes the changes that occurred in the professional motivation of students after the Ussuriysk State Pedagogical Institute joined the Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) in 2011 as the School of Education. The use of the same measuring instruments made it possible to conduct a comparative analysis of the professional motivation of students in different periods

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MODELS OF STATE SUPPORT FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIES OF THE WORLD IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The article describes economic and social problems of different countries resulting from the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper defines general and specific characteristics of economic difficulties in developed and developing countries. The authors carry out a preliminary analysis of the economic and social consequences of the coronavirus pandemic for the global economy as a whole. The study presents a comparative description of approaches to the formation of state financial support for businesses and households in developed countries of the European Union, China and Russia. The article identifies two main models of state support – push/pull, shows their differences in the amount of funds, the breadth of coverage of final recipients, the availability of benefits, and the degree of bureaucratization of procedures. The paper reveals the rules and procedures for providing state events to support businesses and entrepreneurs on the Russian market, and also uncovers shortcomings that significantly affected the economic situation of agents. The authors describe the consequences of lockdown for the economies of various countries. The study conducts a screen analysis of health systems and their mobilization response to the spread of coronavirus infection. The paper draws conclusions about the advantages of proactive social support for the population and business, the need to increase its targeting and the spread of effective practices in the future

Genetic control of scald resistance in barley landraces

Scald (Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J.J. Davis pathogenic agent) is one of the most harmful barley diseases. A high variability of this fungi explains the occurrence of new aggressive pathotypes and, accordingly, loss of cultivar resistance. It was found that many recently selected varieties of barley and previously identified sources of resistance to R. secalis are now susceptible to the pathogen. There is only one gene, Rrs9, that maintains efficiency against pathogen populations in Russia. The aim of this study is to find donors of genes for effective resistance to scald with the ability to easily transfer this trait for hybridization. The inheritance of scald resistance in 33 barley landraces was studied. Analysis of the interaction between the pathogen test clones and the host plant revealed a difference between the alleles determining fungal resistance in 32 barley forms, the previously effective genes Rrs4, rrs6, rrs7, and currently effective Rrs9. It was found that 30 accessions are protected by new unidentified genes for scald resistance. Accessions k-18398 and k-16231 from China are likely to possess allelic genes for scald resistance, while the gene (or genes) of accession k-31075 from Nepal is allelic to the Rrs9 gene. It was demonstrated by hybridological analysis that accessions k-3307, k-15868, k-18989 and k-3481 are protected by effective genes for scald resistance, which differ from each other and which are not allelic to the Rrs4, rrs6, rrs7 or Rrs9 genes. Accessions k-15868 and k-3481 possess two complementary recessive genes for scald resistance, k-18989 has two recessive genes, and k-3307 carries one recessive gene for pathogen resistance. The resistance genes of these forms are manifested during all the stages of plant ontogenesis