Issues of regulating childrens motor activity in modern preschool education

The objective of the research is to determine the volume and intensity of motor activity of children aged 5-6 years, identify existing problems of motor activity at this age and compare the results with age norm

Language and cultural code peculiarities within the framework of crosscultural communication

The article deals with the peculiarities of linguistic and cultural code-specific features which have a significant impact on the successful communication process within the framework of intercultural interaction. According to the research work, the basic ground of cross-cultural communication operates with definitions and cultural elements, which are of primary importance in the language-mastering process and adaptation procedure to the foreign language environmen

Language indigenization in terms of language contacts (based on the Nigerian English variant)

The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the English language Indigenization procedure on the territory of Nigeria, one of the largest countries in West Africa. The research work has the complex system to analyze the cultural and linguistic processes, which are manifested in the study under the influence of cultural factors and its influence on the language functioning. The practical work part is based on the analysis of the language thematic groups "National food" and "National clothes" presenting the specific features of Nigerian English. The results show, Nigerian English has a wide range of words denoting local realities and reflecting the adaptation of the English language to the Nigerian culture peculiarities, which are the process of indigenizatio

Motivation and marriage choice in the context of research of matrimonal behavior of student youth

The article presents the results of research aimed at studying the features of the manifestation the matrimonial behavior of student youth. The analysis of the main marriage attitudes of this group was carried out on the basis of primary data obtained from a survey of students of the Belgorod State National Research Universit

Educational and physical challenges of senior preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders

The aim of the study is to analyze the educational and physical challenges of senior preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders. The research material is the test results of 17 senior preschoolers with ASD (14 boys and three girls) attending compensatory and combined groups of preschool educational institutions No. 12 and 15 in Belgorodcoordination of movement

Socialization-individualization of preschool children with speech disorders in motor activity

The purpose of the present research was to deal with the problems of integral socialization-individualization of preschoolers of over five years old with speech disorders in motor activity. The study engaged 100 older preschoolers with a normal level of speech development and 100 over-five group with speech disorders attending compensatory and combined groups of preschool educational organizations in Belgoro

Some aspects of African study in the era of globalization

The article deals with the problems of African study process peculiarities as the science field in the era of globalization. The authors analyze Ethnography and language cultures peculiarities typical of Africa. The main part of the research is devoted to the language group variety, most common features of language divisions and subdivisions, spread on the territory of African Continent. The main geographical, economic, cultural, social, political, cultural characteristics are given according to the division of Africa into four main part

Fecal microbiome change in patients with ulcerative colitis after fecal microbiota transplantation

Intestinal human microbiota is a dynamic system that is under the pressures of its host organism and external factors. Microbiota disruption caused by these factors can lead to severe diseases including inflammatory and oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the possible approaches in managing the intestinal microbiota is fecal microbiota transplantation (FT) – transfer of the microbiota from the stool of a healthy donor to the intestinal tract of a recipient patient. Currently, this procedure is recognized as an efficacious method to normalize the intestinal microbiota mainly in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In Russia, pilot studies of the effectiveness of FT in patients with ulcerative colitis have been conducted for several years, and these studies were started in Novosibirsk. The aim of this study was to assess the change of intestinal microbiome in 20 patients with ulcerative colitis after a single FT procedure. The main method is a comparative analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequence libraries constructed using fecal samples obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis before and after FT and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The obtained results showed that FT led to an increase in average biodiversity in samples after FT compared to samples before FT; however, the difference was not significant. In the samples studied, the proportion of Firmicutes sequences, the major gastrointestinal microbiota of healthy people, was decreased (~32 % vs. >70 %), while the proportion of Proteobacteria sequences was increased (>9 % vs. <5 %). In some samples collected before FT, sequences of pathogenic Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were detected, including Acinetobacter spp., Enterococcusspp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophylia, Streptococcusspp. In most cases, the proportion of such sequences after FT substantially decreased in appropriate samples. The exception was the Clostridiumdifficilesequences, which accounted for <0.5 % of the sequences in samples from almost half of the patients and after FT, the share of such C. difficilesequences was significantly reduced only in samples from three patients. It should be noted that the proportion of Lactobacillusspp. increased ten-fold and their species composition significantly expanded. According to the obtained results, a preliminary conclusion can be made that even a single FT procedure can lead to an increase in the biodiversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota in patients and to the optimization of the taxonomic composition of the microbiota

Mixed cationic liposomes for brain delivery of drugs by the intranasal route: The acetylcholinesterase reactivator 2-PAM as encapsulated drug model

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. New mixed cationic liposomes based on L-α-phosphatidylcholine and dihexadecylmethylhydroxyethylammonium bromide (DHDHAB) were designed to overcome the BBB crossing by using the intranasal route. Synthesis and self-assembly of DHDHAB were performed. A low critical association concentration (0.01 mM), good solubilization properties toward hydrophobic dye Orange OT and antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=7.8 μg mL–1) and Bacillus cereus (MIC=7.8 μg mL–1), low hemolytic activities against human red blood cells (less than 10%) were achieved. Conditions for preparation of cationic vesicles and mixed liposomes with excellent colloidal stability at room temperature were determined. The intranasal administration of rhodamine B-loaded cationic liposomes was shown to increase bioavailability into the brain in comparison to the intravenous injection. The cholinesterase reactivator, 2-PAM, was used as model drug for the loading in cationic liposomes. 2-PAM-loaded cationic liposomes displayed high encapsulation efficiency (∼ 90%) and hydrodynamic diameter close to 100 nm. Intranasally administered 2-PAM-loaded cationic liposomes were effective against paraoxon-induced acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the brain. 2-PAM−loaded liposomes reactivated 12 ± 1% of brain acetylcholinesterase. This promising result opens the possibility to use marketed positively charged oximes in medical countermeasures against organophosphorus poisoning for reactivation of central acetylcholinesterase by implementing a non-invasive approach, via the “nose-brain” pathway

Taxonomic composition and biodiversity of the gut microbiome from patients with irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, and asthma

To date, the association of an imbalance of the intestinal microbiota with various human diseases, including both diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and disorders of the immune system, has been shown. However, despite the huge amount of accumulated data, many key questions still remain unanswered. Given limited data on the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) from different parts of Siberia, as well as the lack of data on the gut microbiota of patients with bronchial asthma (BA), the aim of the study was to assess the biodiversity of the gut microbiota of patients with IBS, UC and BA in comparison with those of healthy volunteers (HV). In this study, a comparative assessment of the biodiversity and taxonomic structure of gut microbiome was conducted based on the sequencing of 16S rRNA genes obtained from fecal samples of patients with IBS, UC, BA and volunteers. Sequences of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes types dominated in all samples studied. The third most common in all samples were sequences of the Proteobacteria type, which contains pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Sequences of the Actinobacteria type were, on average, the fourth most common. The results showed the presence of dysbiosis in the samples from patients compared to the sample from HVs. The ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was lower in the IBS and UC samples than in HV and higher the BA samples. In the samples from patients with intestinal diseases (IBS and UC), an increase in the proportion of sequences of the Bacteroidetes type and a decrease in the proportion of sequences of the Clostridia class, as well as the Ruminococcaceae, but not Erysipelotrichaceae family, were found. The IBS, UC, and BA samples had signif icantly more Proteobacteria sequences, including Methylobacterium, Sphingomonas, Parasutterella, Halomonas, Vibrio, as well as Escherichia spp. and Shigella spp. In the gut microbiota of adults with BA, a decrease in the proportion of Roseburia, Lachnospira, Veillonella sequences was detected, but the share of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus sequences was the same as in healthy individuals. A signif icant increase in the proportion of Halomonas and Vibrio sequences in the gut microbiota in patients with BA has been described for the f irst time