Комплаентность и персистентность у пациентов с первичной открытоугольной глаукомой с позиции офтальмолога

PURPOSE: Determination of key factors of non-compliance for treatment and duration of recommendations accomplishment in accordance with doctor’s instructions and associated with time from therapy start to its discontinuation (persistence) in patients with glaucoma by assessment of personal opinion of ophthalmologists with different amount of experience.METHODS: 509 queries of medical professionals (631 doctors) from Russia and other 6 countries were included into the study. All doctors’ queries were grouped according to the duration of their work experience, place of work — depending on medical care type (ambulatory or inpatient) and by hospital propriety type (state or private). Data collection method: online survey. The significance of the 32 selected compliance factors was assessed by the ball system from 10 (maximum significant factor) to 1 (minimally significant factor). Analysis program Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA).RESULTS: Data analysis allowed determining medium terms for continued application of recommended therapy depending on patients group. Persistency of low-compliant patients was considered a period of continued following of recommendations from 15 up to 27.5 days per year, high-compliant — 180-300 days per year. Doctors’ opinion depended on time in professional and place of work. Study results allowed recognizing percent’s of “low-compliant”, “mediumcompliant” and “high-compliant” patients. Following patients compliance factors were assessed as well: factors directly associated with treatment, factors, associated with patient’s condition, factors of behavioral compliance and social compliance. Moreover, trial results displayed difference in opinion of medical specialists depending on the duration of their work experience, place of work and clinic type.CONCLUSION: Study groups divided by the amount of healthcare experience showed no difference in patients compliance apprehension. Percentage of low-compliant patients was 20 [10; 30] %; medium-compliant — 30 [20; 45] and high-compliant — 50 [30; 60]% in all groups. A longer duration of healthcare experience corresponded with higher persistence requirements. Low-compliant patients followed recommendations for up to 20 days per year [7; 60]; medium-compliant — for 90 [20; 200] and lowcompliant — 200 [40; 350]. Primary factors for non-compliancy in all groups were defined as follows: absence of motivation; complicated instillation regimen influencing daily activities; absence of contact with attending physician; low information level concerning condition; age; side effects; medication price; laziness; family history of glaucoma. Factors of behavioral compliance were considered the most important in all groups — 75%.ЦЕЛЬ. Определение ключевых факторов нарушения приверженности к лечению (комплаентности) и продолжительности в выполнении назначений по времени от начала терапии до ее прекращения (персистентности) у пациентов с глаукомой при изучении субъективного мнения врачей-офтальмологов с разным стажем и местом работы.МЕТОДЫ. В исследование были включены 509 анкет от 631 врача из России и 6 стран СНГ. Все анкеты врачей были разделены на группы в зависимости от их стажа и места работы, вида собственности лечебно-профилактического учреждения (государственной или частной) и формы оказания медицинской помощи (амбулаторной или стационарной). Метод сбора данных: онлайн-анкетирование. Значимость 32 отобранных факторов комплаентности оценивалась по балльной системе от 10 (максимально значимого фактора) до 1 (минимально значимого фактора). Программа анализа: Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft Inc., США).РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Анализ данных позволил получить средние сроки непрерывного соблюдения назначенной терапии в зависимости от принадлежности участников анкетирования к той или иной группе. Персистентность (период непрерывного соблюдения рекомендаций) низкокомплаентных пациентов составила от 15 до 27,5 дней в году, высококомплаентных — от 180 до 300 дней в году. Мнение врачей зависело от стажа и места их работы. Выявлены доли «низкокомплаентных», «среднекомплаентных» и «высококомплаентных» пациентов. Проанализированы конкретные факторы приверженности пациентов к соблюдению рекомендаций, связанные непосредственно с лечением, состоянием пациента, особенности поведенческой и социальной комплаентности. Результаты исследования показали различия мнений практикующих врачей в зависимости от стажа, места работы и вида лечебного учреждения.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. В анализируемых группах врачей, разделенных по стажу работы, разница в представлениях о комплаентности пациентов не выявлена. Доля «низкокомплаентных» пациентов составляет в среднем 20% [10; 30], «среднекомплаентных» — 30% [20; 45] и «высококомплаентных» — 50% [30; 60]. Чем больше стаж, тем более высокие требования предъявляются врачами к соблюдению рекомендаций. Предполагается, что «низкокомплаентные» пациенты соблюдают рекомендации в течение 20 [7; 60] дней в году, «среднекомплаентные» — 90 [20; 200], «высококомплаентные» — 200 [40; 350]. Ведущими факторами нарушения комплаентности во всех группах являются: отсутствие мотивации, сложный режим инстилляций, отсутствие контакта с врачом, низкая степень информированности о заболевании, возраст, забывчивость, наличие побочных эффектов, стоимость, лень, семейный анамнез глаукомы. На первом месте во всех группах отмечают факторы поведенческой комплаентности — до 75%

Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19): Ophthalmic Problems. Literature Review

Despite the large amount of information, the WHO-announced pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) remains poorly understood. Discussions are continuing about the possibility of transmission of the infection through the eye, about methods of protecting medical personnel and patients, clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis, prevention and treatment, and organization of ophthalmic medical care under epidemiological restrictions. The proposed literature review is an attempt to provide new data on the problem of COVID-19 in ophthalmology

Refractory glaucoma laser treatment: together or instead?

Purpose. To present data on the mechanism of action, hypotensive efficacy and safety of various laser technologies used in the treatment of refractory glaucoma. Material and methods. To complete the review, weearched for literature sources on the e-library, PubMed and Scopus abstract databases for the period up to 2021 inclusive, using the keywords «refractory glaucoma», «cyclodestructive procedures», «micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation», «diode transscleral cyclophotocoagulation». Fifty- eight articles related to the topic of the review were selected. The beginning of publications on this topic dates back to 1972. Results. The review presents an analysis of the results of clinical studies of the efficacy and safety of various laser technologies used in the treatment of refractory glaucoma, with a description of the mechanisms for reducing intraocular pressure. A number of advantages of micropulse modification of transscleral cyclocoagulation in comparison with other laser cyclodestructive interventions are described. The prospects of laser surgery for refractory glaucoma are shown, both as an independent method of treatment, and in combination with various types of surgical operations. Conclusion. In some cases, laser surgery of refractory glaucoma is the only method that allows for organ-preserving or functionally preserving surgery. The search and development of new combined methods for the treatment of refractory glaucoma, combining microsurgical and laser effects, are urgent

Influence of Personal Respiratory and Visual Protective Equipment on the Development and Progression of Dry Eye Syndrome

Purpose. To study the influence of personal protective equipment (PPE) of the respiratory and visual systems on the development and progression of dry eye syndrome (DES) and its relationship with other risk factors for medical workers.Patients and methods. The data of 243 people (male — 22.2 %, female — 77.8 %) were analyzed as part of a multi-center analytical scientific one-step study. Total tear production (Schirmer I test) was studied at the beginning and the end of the working day in persons used PPE of respiratory system (disposable medical face mask, gauze masks or different types of respirators), as well as PPE of the eyes (protective half-closed/closed glasses or protective screens). Risk factors for the development and progression of DES were registered (age, smoking, systemic hormones intake, soft contact lenses), as well as the use of artificial tears.Results. A decrease in the Schirmer I test score at the end of a 7–8 hour work shift was found by an average of 3 mm (from 13 (9; 16) mm to 10 (6; 15) mm, p < 0.001). Statistically significant changes were typical mainly for medical personnel (p < 0.001) with the maximum severity in persons working in outpatient sector. The presence of at least one DES risk factor was found in 30.5 % of patients, two factors — in 3.0 %, and three or more — in 7.0 %. There was no influence of risk factors on the degree of changes in total tear production. Reduced tear production is typical for some PPE of respiratory system (disposable masks and respirators) and the eye (screens and half-closed glasses) (p < 0.001). In people who do not use PPE of the eye, significant changes were detected only in the presence of risk factors.Conclusion. The negative influence of various PPE of the respiratory system and eye on the total tear production was established. The decrease in the results of the Schirmer I test by the end of the working day was 20–25 % of the basic level, regardless of the presence of traditional risk factors for DES. The severity of changes depended on the type of PPE used. The data obtained are particularly relevant during the new COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic and justify the need to establish specific prophylactic measures. One of the possible methods is the preventive use of artificial tears

Роль гипотензивного режима в достижении целевого уровня офтальмотонуса у пациентов с первичной открытоугольной глаукомой (результаты многоцентрового аналитического исследования)

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)  treatment based on the assess-ment of hypotensive regimens used to achieve "target" intraocular pressure (IOP) depending on the clinical stage of the disease.METHODS: Analytical multicenter study was conducted based on the results of a survey of 51 ophthalmologists. Each specialist solved 18 tasks, determining the "target" level of IOP, hypotensive regimen and further tactics de-pending on preset parameters.RESULTS: “Target” values for stage I of POAG was 22 mm Hg; 20 mm Hg — for stage II of POAG; 18 mm Hg — for stage III of POAG. “Convenient” target values equaled 19.2±0.26 mm Hg for stage I; 19.02±0.23 mm Hg — for stage II and 17.35± 0.21 mm Hg for stage III. “Inconvenient” values, i.e. requiring  changing or enhancing therapy, were 23.98±0.38 mm Hg for stage I; 23.63±0.29 mm Hg — for II; 22.86±0.28 — for stage III. “Extremely inconvenient” values and the indication for surgery were 27.2±0.45 mm Hg for stage I; 26.14±0.34 mm Hg for stage II and 25.97±0.42 mm Hg — for stage III. The therapy changed if IOP was increased by 9% in stage I, 20% in II and 22% in stage III; the transition to surgery was made if the increase reached 23% in patients with stage I, 30% in II and 39% in stage III of POAG. The average transition period from drug therapy to surgery was 4 years.CONCLUSION: The achievement of "target" IOP was ensured by the use of severe hypotensive regimens that included up to 3-4 drugs. Perhaps this is an additional argument for further improvement of POAG treatment algorithms, justifying an earlier and more active use of surgical methods of IOP correction. However, a high level of evidence base practice of their efficacy and safety must be provided. ЦЕЛЬ. Определить эффективность лечения первичной крытоугольной глаукомы (ПОУГ) на основании оценки потензивных режимов, используемых для достижения целевых» значений офтальмотонуса в зависимости от линической стадии заболевания. МЕТОДЫ. Проведено аналитическое, мультицентровое сследование по результатам анкетирования 51 офтальолога. Каждый специалист решал 18 задач, определяя целевой» уровень внутриглазного давления (ВГД), гипонзивный режим и дальнейшую тактику в зависимости заранее заданных параметров. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Выявлены причины недостаточной мотивации к лечению: недооценка важности лечения и опасности болезни. Это является следствием бессимптомности заболевания (55,2%), низкого уровня информированности о заболевании (51,9%), отсутствия видимого эффекта от проводимой терапии (50,8%), наличия побочных эффектов лечения (47,5%), забывчивости (36%), отсутствия уверенности в том, что лечение может помочь (23,5%), отсутствие сопереживания и недостаточного внимания со стороны лечащего врача (63,4%) и т.д. Из трех предложенных моделей терапевтического обучения лучшие результаты отмечены при индивидуальном углубленном консультировании: уровень мотивации сохранялся до 6 месяцев после окончания обучения.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Для пациентов с ПОУГ характерен «низкий» и «ниже среднего» уровень мотивации. Предложенная модель терапевтического обучения позволила повысить уровень мотивации к лечению пациентов с ПОУГ, особенно пожилого и старческого возраста.