Особенности течения туберкулеза у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста

The objective: to identify specific features of the clinical course of tuberculosis in elderly and senile patients under the current epidemic situation.The specific clinical course of tuberculosis was analyzed in 54 patients at the age of 61 years and older and compared with the course of 234 patients at the age from 18 to 39 years selected by the continuous sampling of all 472 patients discharged from hospital in 2018. The following features were found to be typical of patients of 61 years and older: more frequent chronic forms of the disease (37.0%) and complications (35.2%), the major complication was chronic cor pulmonale (33.3%); more frequent concurrent chronic nonspecific lung diseases (13.0%) and coronary heart disease/arterial hypertension (14.8%); more frequent deaths (31.5%), mainly due to pulmonary heart disease; less frequent generalization of tuberculosis (5.5%) and concurrent HIV infection (7.4%).Цель исследования: выявить особенности клинического течения туберкулеза у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста в современных эпидемических условиях.Проанализированы особенности клинического течения туберкулеза ‒ у 54 больных в возрасте 61 года и старше в сравнении с 234 пациентами 18-39 лет, отобранных сплошной выборкой из всех 472 больных, выписанных в 2018 г. Выявлено, что у лиц в возрасте 61 года и старше: более частая хронизация процесса (37,0%) и осложненное (35,2%), в основном хроническим легочным сердцем (33,3%), течение; более частые сопутствующие хронические неспецифические заболевания легких (13,0%) и ишемическая болезнь сердца/артериальная гипертония (14,8%); более частые летальные исходы (31,5%), преимущественно за счет легочно-сердечной недостаточности; более редки генерализация туберкулеза (5,5%) и сопутствующая ВИЧ-инфекция (7,4%)

Specific course of tuberculosis in elderly and senile patients

The objective: to identify specific features of the clinical course of tuberculosis in elderly and senile patients under the current epidemic situation.The specific clinical course of tuberculosis was analyzed in 54 patients at the age of 61 years and older and compared with the course of 234 patients at the age from 18 to 39 years selected by the continuous sampling of all 472 patients discharged from hospital in 2018. The following features were found to be typical of patients of 61 years and older: more frequent chronic forms of the disease (37.0%) and complications (35.2%), the major complication was chronic cor pulmonale (33.3%); more frequent concurrent chronic nonspecific lung diseases (13.0%) and coronary heart disease/arterial hypertension (14.8%); more frequent deaths (31.5%), mainly due to pulmonary heart disease; less frequent generalization of tuberculosis (5.5%) and concurrent HIV infection (7.4%)

The effect of single and dual antiplatelet therapy on the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with coronary artery disease and obstructive sleep apnea

Aim. To study the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), depending on the type of antiplatelet therapy.Material and methods. The study included 148 patients with stable CAD, 30% (n=44) of whom had mild OSA, 10% (n=14) — moderate and severe OSA. There were 60% (n=90) of patients without OSA. Pro-inflammatory activity of cytokines was assessed by the level of interleukins (IL): IL- 1β, IL-6, IL-10.Results. Using dual antiplatelet therapy, there were no differences in aggregation activity of platelets (spontaneous and induced by 0,1 pM ADP) in patients with and without OSA. This indicates the synergism and potentiation of the antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Patients with moderate and severe OSA and stable CAD had higher levels of IL- 1β and IL-6 compared with patients without OSA. Antiplatelet therapy, especially dual one, had an anti-inflammatory effect, which was reflected in lower values of pro-inflammatory IL both in patients with and without OSA.Conclusion. Patients with moderate and severe OSA and stable CAD had higher levels of pro-inflammatory IL (IL- 1β, IL-6) compared with patients without OSA. The combined use of clopidogrel and ASA potentiates antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects. This is reflected in lower values of pro-inflammatory IL and lower aggregation activity of platelets in patients with stable CAD, regardless of OSA