IQGAP1 Interacts with Components of the Slit Diaphragm Complex in Podocytes and Is Involved in Podocyte Migration and Permeability In Vitro

IQGAP1 is a scaffold protein that interacts with proteins of the cytoskeleton and the intercellular adhesion complex. In podocytes, IQGAP1 is associated with nephrin in the glomerular slit diaphragm (SD) complex, but its role remains ill-defined. In this work, we investigated the interaction of IQGAP1 with the cytoskeleton and SD proteins in podocytes in culture, and its role in podocyte migration and permeability. Expression, localization, and interactions between IQGAP1 and SD or cytoskeletal proteins were determined in cultured human podocytes by Western blot (WB), immunocytolocalization (IC), immunoprecipitation (IP), and In situ Proximity Ligation assay (IsPL). Involvement of IQGAP1 in migration and permeability was also assessed. IQGAP1 expression in normal kidney biopsies was studied by immunohistochemistry. IQGAP1 expression by podocytes increased during their in vitro differentiation. IC, IP, and IsPL experiments showed colocalizations and/or interactions between IQGAP1 and SD proteins (nephrin, MAGI-1, CD2AP, NCK 1/2, podocin), podocalyxin, and cytoskeletal proteins (α-actinin-4). IQGAP1 silencing decreased podocyte migration and increased the permeability of a podocyte layer. Immunohistochemistry on normal human kidney confirmed IQGAP1 expression in podocytes and distal tubular epithelial cells and also showed an expression in glomerular parietal epithelial cells. In summary, our results suggest that IQGAP1, through its interaction with components of SD and cytoskeletal proteins, is involved in podocyte barrier properties

Practical Achievable Performance in Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Temperature Control

Résumé — Performances atteignables en pratique pour la commande de la température d’un catalyseur d’oxydation Diesel — Ce papier propose un modèle simplifié pour la commande d’un catalyseur d’oxydation Diesel (DOC). Ce modèle à paramètres répartis prend en compte la génération de chaleur spatialement répartie liée à l’oxydation des réducteurs. Il vise à être utilisé pour la commande de la température en sortie du DOC. Cette commande est nécessaire lors des phases de régénération du filtre à particules (DPF). Le papier s’intéresse en particulier aux phénomènes impliqués par les variations de débit de gaz dans le DOC. Ces variations ont lieu pendant les changements de points de fonctionnement du moteur liés à la demande du conducteur: elles sont importantes et fréquentes et ne peuvent pas être évitées. Les résultats expérimentaux présentés dans ce papier montrent qu’une augmentation du débit de gaz – à concentration HC constante en entrée du DOC – a tendance à créer un dépassement positif de la température en sortie du DOC. Au contraire, une diminution du débit a tendance à créer un dépassement négatif de la température en sortie du DOC. L’utilisation d’une mesure de température au milieu du pain catalytique permet de montrer que ces perturbations sont inhérentes à la nature répartie du système. La compensation de ces variations de température en sortie est physiquement limitée (par les limites d’actionnement et d’utilisation raisonnable du système), c

Three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time (3D UTE) MRI of Achilles tendon at 4.7T MRI with comparison to conventional sequences in an experimental murine model of spondyloarthropathy

International audienc

Three‐dimensional ultrashort echo time (3D UTE) MRI of Achilles tendon at 4.7T MRI with comparison to conventional sequences in an experimental murine model of spondyloarthropathy

International audienc

Application Composition Driven by UI Composition

International audienceAhead of the multiplication of specialized applications, needs for application composition increase. Each application can be described by a pair of a visible part –the User Interface (UI) –and a hidden part –the tasks and the Functional Core (FC). Few works address the problem of application composition by handling both visible and hidden parts at the same time. Our proposition described in this paper is to start from the visible parts of applications, their UIs, to build a new application while using information coming from UIs as well as from tasks. We base upon the semantic description of UIs to help the developer merge parts of former applications. We argue that this approach driven by the composition of UIs helps the user during the composition process and ensures the preservation of a usable UI for the resulting application