The role of language representation of the time model in the process of meaning creation

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the language picture of the world, which owes its structural integrity to its relational framework. The archetype “time” is central to the Christian mythology, in fairy tales and other linguocultural artefacts. The thought-language essences representing the category TIME in the modern German language, connect different time modes (past, present, future), allowing to distinguish different worlds. The memory of the ways of the development of the human soul is concentrated in the

THE PROGNOSIS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PAROXYSM OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN PATIENTS WITH POST-INFARCTION CARDIOSCLEROSIS

Aim. Create an algorithm predicting the risk of development of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary heart disease on the background of post-infarction cardiosclerosis (PICS).Material and Methods. There was conducted the deep analysis of a number of laboratory and functional indicators (indicators of peroxidation of proteins, lipids, antioxidant protection and skin microcirculation) at 85 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). All patients were divided into 4 groups: patients with paroxysmal and chronic AF without PICS (27 people), patients with paroxysmal and chronic AF with PICS (12), patients with permanent AF without PICS (26) and patients with permanent form of AF with PICS (20). Results. There was created the mathematical model to predict the development of atrial fibrillation in patients with PICS with calculation of the odds ratio of atrial fibrillation. Methods of correlation and factor analysis revealed the greatest value for the prognosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with PICS two factors: the total level of deep oxidation products of protein and an indicator of microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmetry. The diagnostic sensitivity of the developed prognostic model was 86%, specificity of the test – 94%, the diagnostic efficiency of the test – 90%.Conclusion. The study has been proven clinical diagnostic and prognostic value of a comprehensive study of indicators of oxidation-reduction reactions, and the microcirculation indices in combination with standard laboratory and instrumental investigations in patients with AF. The developed mathematical model allows to predict the development of atrial fibrillation in patients with PICS

Crystallization of racemic 4-arylsulfonyl-2(5H)-furanones: Reproducibility of homochiral associates, conditions for the spontaneous resolution of enantiomers and the formation of racemic compounds, the role of intermolecular interactions

Crystallization of three 4-arylsulfonyl-2(5H)-furanones from chloroform leads to the formation of a conglomerate of sulfone with para-tolyl substituent and racemic crystals of chloro and bromo analogs. The high degree of similarity of the crystal packings of a homochiral crystal and racemic compounds, viz., the similar type of the homochiral hydrogen-bonded chains and analogous three-dimensional homochiral layers additionally stabilized by the interactions of the type C=O.C=O and C-H.O, allowed us to suggest the presence of the second, "missing" form for each sulfone. A directed search for the "missing" forms revealed the existence of the racemic modification of sulfone with the para-tolyl fragment formed during a very slow crystallization of the compound from benzene. No conglomerates of bromo and chloro analogs were found. Topological analysis of the electron density distribution performed by quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory (PBE1PBE, 6-31G(d,p)) showed the higher energy favorability of intermolecular interactions in the homochiral chains as compared to the hypothetical heterochiral associates. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Polymorphism of lipid exchange genes in some populations of South and East Siberia

Lipid metabolism disorders underlie the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. Indigenous peoples of Siberia have a specific genetically determined type of metabolism supporting such lipid blood parameters that favor increased consumption (in comparison with Caucasians) of animal products. At the same time, indigenous Siberian ethnic groups are less susceptible to metabolic diseases. The objective of the presented study was to investigate the allele frequencies of lipid metabolism genes in indigenous populations of Siberia to identify the ethnic features of allele frequency distribution for polymorphic variants in genes CETP (G1264A, rs5882), LPL (C1791G, rs328) and FTO (C83401A, rs8050136) in the samples taken from Buryats, Teleuts and Russians of Eastern Siberia, and to compare them with data on world populations. Samples of the Eastern (N = 132) and Western (N = 278) Buryats, Teleuts (N = 120), Russians (N = 122) and persons of mixed Buryat-Russian origin (N = 56) were genotyped by real-time PCR using competitive TaqMan-probes. The obtained results have for the first time demonstrated that the CETP and FTO allele frequencies in the Buryat samples are intermediate between European and East Asian populations. Significantly lower incidence of the obesity-assossiated 83401A allele of the FTO gene has been shown in Buryats, compared with Russians, which is consistent with lower susceptibility of the indigenous ethnic groups to metabolic disorders. There have been no population differences in the distribution of LPL gene polymorphic variants associated with dyslipidemia, which means they probably do not contribute to the ethnic characteristics of the lipid profile. The intermediate frequencies of the CETP 1264G and FTO 83401A alleles found in the metis group demonstrate that the metabolic disorders associated with these variants can be rather expected in the descendants of mixed marriages than among Buryats. It has also been demonstrated that Teleuts differ by FTO 83401A allele frequency from some of the European groups and have the lowest detected frequency of the allele CETP 1264G associated with the favorable lipid blood parameters

Аудит эффективности: важность и перспективы в рамках системы государственного финансового контроля

The article discusses the concept and application of performance audit in public administration integral to the modern public financial control system. The aim of the study is to analyze the public financial control system using modern approaches to audit performance and its development prospects in Russia. The authors use general scientific and special research methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), as well as methods of economic theory: positive analysis and scientific abstraction. The study analyzed basic approaches to defining the concept of “performance audit”, its idea, the most important issues that it solves, and development prospects. The study proposed the concept of a two-level control system: the internal control bodies represented by the Federal Treasury of the Russian Federation should supplement the bodies conducting the performance audit. In the future, this will help build a full performance audit system of the use of public financial resources. As a result, the authors identified the problems of implementing the proposed concept. The key problem is the different statuses of the Federal Treasury of Russia and the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, with different regulation of their activities. The authors named directions for the development of the public financial control system when it is impossible to implement the proposed system. In particular, they proposed to review and precisely regulate the activities of all public financial control bodies. The authors concluded that there is still no regulatory, legal and informational base necessary to switch to the proposed two-level performance audit system. Further studies may provide a deeper look at the possibilities and prospects of the integrated implementation of the performance audit system in the general government sector.Статья посвящена исследованию понятия и процесса применения в области государственного управления аудита эффективности как неотъемлемой составляющей современной системы государственного финансового контроля. Цель исследования — анализ системы государственного финансового контроля с применением современных подходов аудита эффективности и перспектив его развития в России. Авторы используют общенаучные (анализ, синтез, индукция, дедукция) и специальные методы исследования, а также методы экономической теории: позитивного анализа и научной абстракции. Проанализированы основные подходы к раскрытию понятия «аудит эффективности», сущность этой процедуры, наиболее важные задачи, которые она решает, и перспективы развития. Предложена концепция двухуровневой системы контроля, согласно которой к органам, проводящим аудит эффективности, целесообразно добавить органы внутреннего контроля в лице Федерального казначейства Российской Федерации. Это позволит в будущем построить систему полного аудита эффективности использования государственных финансовых ресурсов. В результате проведенного исследования авторы выявили проблемы реализации предложенной концепции. Основная из них заключается в разных статусах Федерального казначейства России и Счетной палаты Российской Федерации, деятельность которых регламентируется по-разному. Авторы сформулировали направления развития системы государственного финансового контроля при невозможности внедрения предложенной системы. В частности, предложено пересмотреть и точно регламентировать деятельность всех органов государственного финансового контроля. Авторы пришли к выводу, что сегодня еще не создана необходимая нормативная, правовая и информационная база для перехода на предложенную ими двухуровневую систему аудита эффективности. Дальнейшее изучение этой тематики позволит глубже рассмотреть возможности и перспективы комплексного внедрения системы аудита эффективности в сектор государственного управления

Prognostic value of molecules of average mass in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a socially significant disease affecting patient’s quality of life. Assessment of endogenous intoxication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease will allow to understand pathogenetic features of different phenotypes of this disease, which can be taken into account when predicting its course.The aim of the study. To determine the prognostic value of levels of mediumand low-molecular-weight substances and oligopeptides in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Materials and methods. One hundred and four patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 110 somatically healthy individuals were examined. Molecular weight medium and low molecular weight substances (LMWSM) and oligopeptides (OP) were determined in blood plasma, erythrocytes and urine. Based on these indicators mathematically calculated indices of endogenous intoxication and coefficient of elimination were defined. Statistical processing of the data was performed using the SPSS 26.0 software package (IBM Corp., USA).Results. In all biological fluids, the levels of average molecules and calculated indices in the COPD patients’ group were statistically significantly different from those in the control group. The indices characterizing endotoxin accumulation were statistically significantly higher, while those characterizing toxin elimination were lower. The level of endotoxemia was correlated with the frequency of exacerbations, clinical manifestations severity, quality of life, COPD group and phenotype.Conclusions. Frequent exacerbations, groups C and D, bronchitic and mixed COPD phenotypes are characterized by more severe endotoxicosis manifested by high levels of LMWSM, OP and calculated indices

Phosphorylated aminoacetal in the synthesis of new acyclic, cyclic, and heterocyclic polyphenol structures

New phosphorylated aminoacetal has been synthesized by the Kabachnik-Fields reaction; its reactivity has been studied in acid-catalyzed condensation with linear polyphenols (2-methylresorcinol, resorcinol, pyrogallol) and the Mannich reaction with macrocyclic polyphenol (calix[4]resorcinol). It has been determined for the first time that acid-catalyzed reaction of phosphorus-containing acetal with resorcinol and its derivatives in ethanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid gives new phosphorylated piperazines in addition to the compounds of diarylmethane series. Condensation of macrocyclic polyphenol (calix[4]resorcinol) with formaldehyde and N-((dihexylphosphoryl) methyl)-2, 2-dimethoxyethylamine (the Mannich reaction) has resulted in novel tetrasubstituted calixarene containing aminophosphine oxide and acetal groups on the "upper rim" of molecule. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

The relationship of birth weight with physical activity and stressful events in mother's life before and during pregnancy.

Open Access. In Russian (Abstract and References in English

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY: HISTORICAL ASPECTS AND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA

The in-depth review is dedicated to the acute kidney injury. This conception is wider than acute renal failure. Even minor decline of renal function bias outcomes, so early diagnosis of acute renal injury is exceedingly important. The new markers of kidney injury are actively investigated. RIFLE criteria provide universal approach to a problem at first, and allow comparison of study results at second

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION: RISK FACTORS AND RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after heart transplantation (HT). For the identification of risk factors of AKI and optimal modes of renal replacement therapy (RRT) 86 HT data was analyzed. AKI was observed in 37 cases. The main risk factors were renal failure before HT, heart transplant dysfunction and requirement in mechanical support. Continuous RRT was preferable due to the best control of patient’s volumes. The widening of indications for RRT was associated with better survival. In the cases of AKI occurrence the long-term (>10 years) prognosis was worsening significantly