Isolation and Antibiogram of Aerobic Nasal Bacterial Flora of Apparently Healthy West African Dwarf Goats

Goats are important in the livestock economy by their adaptability to adverse environmental conditions as they are good sources of protein and income for the rural poor. Studies conducted on the bacterial flora of the respiratory tract in goats focused on the pneumonic lungs, with fewer studies on the apparently normal nasal passage and antibiogram of isolated organisms. This study was carried out on 60 apparently healthy West African Dwarf goats. The nasal swab from each goat was analyzed using standard methods. The disc diffusion technique was used for the antibiotic sensitivity test. Three hundred and twenty-eight isolates were obtained. The most frequently isolated species was Streptococcus spp., while Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the second dominant bacteria. Other species were isolated at relatively lower rates. The isolation of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida from the nasal cavity of apparently healthy goats in this study reflects their possible role in most common respiratory diseases encountered in small ruminants. Most of the bacteria were found to be susceptible to streptomycin, quinolones (perfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) and gentamicin, while they were resistant to tetracycline, augmentin and erythromycin. This study shows the relationship between misuse or unrestricted use of antibiotics and drug resistance. Therefore, there is a need for practitioners and researchers to be informed of the appropriate antibiotics to be used in respiratory infections and during control programs

Awareness and sources of knowledge on men’s penile health in Lagos, Nigeria

Global attention to penile care is an aspect of men’s health within the Sustainable Development Goal 3 of the United Nations. Environmental and healthcare concerns about the connection between circumcision and penile care are real. According to the World Health Organisation, approximately 665 million males across the world are circumcised. However, social hush about penile problems as contributors to men’s life expectancy further incubates it for millions of men to suffer in silence. The purpose of this study is to open and direct healthcare attention to the dangers of penile disorder with an awareness check and knowledge sources. Designed questionnaire was operated on randomized 1,000 adults of equal gender distribution on mainland Lagos, Nigeria. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique was applied to carefully select a fair representation of study population. Newman’s health awareness theory and its applications by three other authors support this study. Results show that whilst men are more concerned about their penile performance, women showed extra interest in penile care and healthy usage. Open discussions and literatures on penile issues are rare in Nigeria. The study would spur public, academic and research interests in men’s penile health; by recommending the adoption of appropriate penile health policy within the SDG3 of the United Nations