24 research outputs found
Influence of certain types of phosphate raw materials on the technological process of production extraction phosphoric acid and complex fertilizers
Research on definition of phase structure of various sources of phosphate raw materials was carried out. The possible material compositions of the studied natural phosphate are calculated on the basis of cations and anions balance according to their charge. Comparative analyses of technological parameters of the production of phosphoric acid during the transition to alternative forms of phosphate raw materials is executed
International Workshop on Photochemistry of Organic Molecules dedicated to the 85-th anniversary of academician G. P. Gurinovich
This issue consist of the Program and of Abstracts of the lectures of the International Workshop on Photochemistry of Organic Molecules dedicated to the 85-th anniversary of academician G. P. Gurinovich, one of the founders of Belarusian School on the spectroscopy and photochemistry of tetrapyrrolic compounds. The lectures span a wide range of fundamental and applied problems where the tetrapyrrolic compounds involved. This issue will be useful to scientists working in the field of biologically relevant compounds, biotechnology, spectroscopy and photophysics of organic compounds and their metallocomplexes, as well as for the graduate and Ph. D. students of corresponding of science
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ CaO - H3PO4 - H2SiF6 - H2O
The specific features of precipitate formation and aging during neutralization in the CaO - H3FO4 - H2SiF6 - H2O system in dilute solutions under nonequilibrium conditions, have been studied. It has been found that secondary chemical interaction occurs between the precipitate and solution, that changes their chemical composition and main technological properties of formed sludge. The mechanism for the aging process in the system, including hydrolysis and polymerization of some system components, have been proposed.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ CaO - H3PO4 - H2SiF6 - H2O Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Ρ
Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ
Flotation sylvite from potash ores at elevated temperatures
In laboratory terms conducted research on the selection of factious composition amine and assortment components of collective mixture, optimal for flotation of sylvine at the temperature of fallopian solution 40Β°Π‘, brands and charges of reagents are certain, are conducted the comparative tests of charts of joint and separate flotation of sylvine from ores 1β3 mine managements of JSC βBelaruskaliβ in the conditions of enhanceable temperatures
Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ» ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
The results of studies of the salt composition and physicochemical processes occurring in separate layers (volume) of granules of complex fertilizers based on ammonium phosphates at the stage of storage in the interval up to 180 days are given. The data of chemical and physicochemical studies, as well as the analysis of microphotographs and element-by-element composition of granules showed the absence of a significant gradient of concentrations of individual components in the volume of granules when they arrive from the technological process. The course of secondary conversion processes in the volume of granules during 3 and 6 months of storage was established, leading, in particular, to a significant decrease in the content of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate in the product from 25.41-27.91 to 1.23-3.25 % and urea, as well as the formation of newdouble salts and adducts: (KΟ,(NH4)1-Ο)β’H2PO4, CO(NH2)2β’NH4Cl. The change in the phase composition of the product during long-term storage and the associated chemical interaction between the layers of individual granules is accompanied by an increase in caking. It is established that during 3 and 6 months of storage, the content of the liquid phase increases, which leads to a partial decrease in the content of individual components. The most active process of sorption of water vapor proceeds in the 1st (outer layer) of granules, while fluctuations in its content in deeper layers are within the margin of error. The dependence of the caking of the product on the type of injected nitrogen-containing component and the forms of nitrogen content in it has been established. The results of the study made it possible to recommend ways to reduce caking and improve the physical and mechanical properties of complex fertilizers during their storage and transportation: increasing the molar ratio at the ammoniation stage to values corresponding to the formation of diammonium phosphate; increasing the ratio of ammonium to the amide form of nitrogen; an increase in the proportion of granular urea in the composition of the fertilizer, followed by the complete exclusion of prilled urea.ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ
(ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅) Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ» ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ 180 ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ» ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ» Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 3- ΠΈ 6-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ Ρ 25,41-27,91 Π΄ΠΎ 1,23-3,25 ΠΌΠ°Ρ.% ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²: (KΟ(NH4)1-Ο)β’H2PO4, CO(NH2)2β’NH4Cl. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°; ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°; ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°
ΠΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ
The main thermodynamic properties of calcium carbonate crystals formed in the presence of organphosphorous compounds and carboxylic acids have been estimated. The inhibiting and dispersing properties of these substances and their impact on the morphology of the resulting carbonates' precipitate have been investigated. The mixtures of phosphonate, carboxylic and polycarboxylic acids inhibit the crystallization process at the stages of nucleation, crystal growth and particle aggregation of carbonates.ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ²
KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF DECOMPOSITION OF LOW-QUALITY PHOSPHORITES OF THE ZHANATAS DEPOSIT
The production of extractive phosphoric acid (EPA) is one of the largest in the main chemical industry. The main part of the produced phosphoric acid is obtained by dihydrate from 24.5% of phosphorite Π 2Π5. Depending on the quality of the processed raw materials, an acid containing 22-32% Π 2Π5 can be obtained. The dihydrate method is one of the most developed in industrial practice. Its improvement is mainly associated with the introduction of new hardware solutions aimed at intensifying the process, optimizing and stabilizing the temperature regime (regime). The modern development of phosphoric acid production can undergo significant technological changes. thermal phosphoric acid as well as extraction phosphoric acid, and for this extraction the phosphoric acid goes through a two-stage purification process. Fertilizer DAP contains diammonium phosphate and monoammonium phosphate, as well as several additives containing primary phosphoric acid. Extraction phosphoric acid differs not only in Π 2Π5 concentration, but also in the content of impurities. The main additives to the extraction phosphoric acid are sulfuric acid, calcium, magnesium, iron, fluorine, aluminum, silicon, sodium, potassium and dimensional substances. Almost all of them affect the composition and technology of diammonium phosphate. During the ammonization process, some impurities from the extracted phosphoric acid are converted to a water-insoluble form, which affects the rheological properties of the reservoir, solubility and nutrient absorption. The main component of the extraction phosphoric acid is sulfuric acid, which, when neutralized, turns into ammonium sulfate. Ammonium sulfate is a stable azygroscopic salt that can be used as a fertilizer on its own. The presence of ammonium sulfate stabilizes the granulation process; therefore, it is recommended to add sulfuric acid from thermal phosphoric acid to the diammonium phosphate composition
Energy- and resource-saving processing of low-grade phosphorites
The paper considers issues of mechanical activation of phosphate fines, low-grade by its chemical composition and off-grade by its grain fineness mineral raw material. Results of the research showed that increase in the content of soluble form of Π [2]Π[5] is more than in three times, from 17.61 to 53.15%. Specific surface of the
activated phosphate fines increases from 0.25 to 0.86 m{2}/g. The activation increases degree of dispersion and changes morphology of the phosphate fines disperse particles
Π€ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ°
The results of studies of the physico-chemical regularities of the acid decomposition of magnesium-containing raw materials are presented and the optimal technological mode of the individual stages of obtaining magnesium sulfate is determined. It has been established that the process of obtaining magnesium sulfate based on dolomite includes the following stages: decomposition of magnesium-containing raw materials with sulfuric acid; filtration of the resulting suspension with separation of calcium sulfate and insoluble residue and subsequent washing; crystallization and separation of magnesium sulfate; drying the target product. The main technological parameters that determine the stage of sulfuric acid decomposition are: the rate of sulfuric acid, the duration of decomposition, the method and procedure for introducing reagents, the content of magnesium sulfate in the liquid phase of the suspension. In this case, the concentration of sulfuric acid cannot be considered as the main technological parameter, since its numerical value is selected depending on the value of the final content of magnesium sulfate in the liquid phase, which in turn is determined by its solubility in water. It has been proven that the use of a flocculant at the decomposition stage provides an increased filtration rate, improved filtration performance, as well as keeping the filter cloth uncontaminated. The results of chemical and X-ray phase analyzes confirmed that magnesium sulfate obtained from domestic dolomite raw materials in its composition corresponds to magnesium sulfate obtained from foreign types of magnesium-containing raw materials - magnesite, brucite - and fully complies with the requirements of TU 2141016-32496445-00 βMagnesium sulfateβ.Β ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ: ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ; ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ; ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ; ΡΡΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ: Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅ ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΠΉΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ - ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ°, Π±ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π’Π£ 2141-016-32496445-00 Β«ΠΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠΉΒ»
ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ«Π Π‘ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ΠΠΠ R2OΒ·NSIO2
Regularities of sodium polysilicatesβ synthesis from suspensions of amorphous silica materials with limited water content have been establishmented. Granular insulating materials with good heat and sound insulating properties have been obtained.Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈ Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ