GLUTATION-S-TRANSPHERASE GENES POLYMORPHISM IN THE DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS OF CHILDREN

The results of genotyping of blood samples of russian and buryat children on I/D polymorphism of GSTM1, GSTT1 genes by polymerase chain reaction are given. Absence of ethnic particularities in frequency deletion genotypes of GSTM1, GSTT1 genes is shown in this article

ALA16VAL POLYMORPHISM OF SUPEROXIDEDISMUTASE 2 (SOD2) GENE IN CAUCASOID TEENAGERS WITH HYPERTENSION, LIVING IN THE EASTERN SIBERIA

The article presents the analysis of distribution of alleles and genotypes of AIa16VaI polymorphism (rs4880) of superoxidedismutase 2 (SOD2) gene in Caucasoid teenagers with hypertension (n = 102) and in Caucasoid popuIation sampIing (n = 65), Iiving in the Eastern Siberia. Frequencies of aIIeIes in popuIation sampIing were AIa = 0,492 and VaI = 0,508, of genotypes - AIa/AIa = 0,277; AIa/VaI = 0,431 and VaI/VaI = 0,292. In the group of teenagers with arteriaI hypertension the frequency of aIIeIes was AIa = 0,495 and VaI = 0,505, of genotypes - AIa/AIa = 0,245; AIa/VaI = 0,500 and VaI/VaI = 0,255. There were no significant differences found at the comparison the data

FREQUENCY OF POLYMORPHISM OF ALA16VAL GENE SOD2 IN SAMPLES OF MONGOLOID AND CAUCASOID POPULATION, LIVING IN EASTERN SIBERIA

The article presents the study of superoxide dismutase 2 gene polymorphism that plays an important role in antioxidant protection of an organism. We performed genetic typing in representatives of two ethnic groups of Eastern Siberia - Buryats (Mongoloid) and Russians (Caucasoid). Alleles frequencies among Russians were Ala = 0,492; Val = 0,508; among Buryats Ala = 0,343; Val = 0,657. We compared these frequencies between the populations from Russia and from abroad (according to the results of other researches)

ETHNIC DIFFERENCE OF HEALTH DISORDERS IN INDIGENOUS ETHNIC GROUP OF BAIKAL REGION (LITERATURE REVIEW)

An analysis of the researches showed that the indigenous ethnic group of Baikal region has high level of adaptation to a place of residence in comparison with migrant. Rate and clinical manifestations of diseases in the Buryat ethnic group have significant differences from the Russian (moderate type 1 diabetes, severe reproductive disorders). Also, there are some differences of redox protection state in indigenous ethnic group of Baikal region that could be an additional biochemical marker of disease severity

ETHNO-GENETIC MARKERS OF ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis a most of diseases. Important components of protecting cells from oxidative stress are antioxidant enzymes, whose activity is genetically determined, due to the presence in the structure of the alleles of genes. Antioxidant enzymes are characterized by population and individual differences in enzyme activity. The study of genetic variation in the population of the world and the history of the formation of its gene pool is one of the promising areas of modern population genetics. Genetic variability of antioxidant enzymes in the body has recently become the most attractive destination in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Due to the involvement of enzymes in the pathogenesis of antioxidant enzymes social diseases is an important implementation. Comprehensive study of the genetic polymorphisms of genes contributes to the formation of human disease susceptibility. The antioxidant system is of the person a system that blocks the formation of free radicals, highly active oxygen. Under normal physiological conditions, a small amount of oxygen is constantly converted to superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. Excessive production of these radicals is a factor of injury; compensatory mechanism is the antioxidant system. The main component of this system is a network of antioxidant enzymes (AOP): superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and paraoxonase (PON). In this case, the activity of enzymes evolutionarily and genetically programmed to optimize the balance of oxidative processes and the activity of antioxidant defense systems. The purpose of the review is to summarize and discuss the current data on genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes in certain pathologies, the development of which plays the role of oxidative stress

NUTRITCIOGENETICS AND RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: ASSOCIATED RESEARCH IN EASTERN SIBERIA POPULATIONS

Purpose: to study nutritional habits as a risk factor of cardiovascular pathology as so as a role of apolipoprotein A1 gene in metabolism in native and alien population of Eastern Siberia. Methods: we used Kiselev questionnaire (1998) for estimation of "nutritional risk". Totally 863 adolescents were evaluated, including 445 (51,6 %) persons of the alien ethnogroup (Russian) and 418 (48,4 %) persons of the native ethnogroup (Buriat). We evaluated clinically, functionally and genetically healthy and hypertensive (having essential arterial hypertension) adolescents and compared the results. Out of 226 adolescents with essential arterial hypertension, 144 persons were from the alien ethnogroup (mean age is 16,22 ± 1,14 years) and 82 adolescents from the native ethnogroup (mean age is 16,57 ± 1,62 years). Out of 173 healthy adolescents (mean age is 15,12 ± 2,71 years), 79 (45,7 %) persons were buriats and 94 (54,3 %) persons were Russian. Ethnic data were gotten by questionnaire, which included information about nationality back to the third generation of ancestors. We studied a total genomic DNA, which was extracted from blood serum by non-enzymatic method. An amplification of DNA loci was performed by polymerase-chain reaction using an automatic thermocycler «Biometra» with «SNP-экспресс», «Litex» reagents. The results of our research indicated an imbalance of nutritional habits with domination of protein-lipid dietary compounds in adolescents of native and alien population ofEastern Siberia. We found differentiated contributions ofinsertion-deletional polymorphism of apolipoprotein A1 gene. We did no found differences of frequency response of alleles and genotypes. We found a positive linkofapolipoprotein Al gene deletion with increased level ofcholesterine, very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides as so as with elevation ofnumbers ofblood pressure indexes in the adolescents ofthe alien ethnogroup. We did not found such kind of links in adolescents of the native ethnogroup that, as we suppose, may be a reflection of the evolutionary developed nutritional stereotype with some predominance oflipid-protein dietary component. Developed through the millennia such kind ofdiet in the indigenous population of the North and Siberia is a response to cold stress and underlies formation ofthe genotype, which aimed to developing a biochemical phenotype with ability to compensate this nutritional atherogenic imbalance

Biochar influence on the development of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and acidity of soddy-podzolic soil in Western Siberia

The paper purpose was to establish the effect of applying biochar obtained from various organic wastes of agriculture (cow manure, straw), woodworking (pine sawdust) and food industry (pine nut shell), which are typical of Western Siberia, on the morphometric characteristics of plants (using spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as the example) and the soddy-podzolic soil properties. The assessment of biochar influence was performed by a series of vegetation experiments using climatic chambers. As a result, it was found that the introduction of all the noted biochar types into the soil layer leads to a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the morphometric characteristics of spring wheat. For example, when applying the straw biochar to the soil, it results in growing the plant height to the node by 19%, while the number of leaves increased by 8% compared to the control variant. The introduction of biochar from manure leads to the increased length of the spring wheat root by 35%. Moreover, straw and manure biochars contribute to the reduction of soil acidity (increase in pH values from 7.1 to 7.4 and 7.8, respectively). The results of the comprehensive analysis indicate that the agronomic advantages of application of biochars obtained from wheat straw and cattle manure are better compared to biochars from pine sawdust and pine nut shells, which is due to higher concentration of nutrients and substances with alkaline reaction (carbonates and oxides) in the former. The results obtained are useful from the point of view of assessing the environmental risks when applying biochar ameliorants in soils typical of the boreal bioclimatic zone. Subsequent experiments, including studies of the joint application of biochars and fertilizers to the soil, will make it possible to develop recommendations for applying the thermal conversion technology for recycling the regional organic waste into ameliorants that improve soil quality and increase its fertility

Gene of folate cycle MTHFR and nutrition

Climatic and geographical features always influenced on adaptation to the environment as well as the development level of economy and culture. The formation of certain food behavior in population determined fixation of specific gene alleles and mutation. They were responsible for digestion a typical food for the population. At the moment there is information about such genetic features as metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats for many races and nations. But a few studies are about causes of prevalence differences of gene polymorphisms of folate cycle in the world's populations. The main objective was to explore 677C>T mutation MTHFR gene among Russian and Buryat to compare it with ones in other populations. The total of399 children and adolescents (200 Russians and 199 Buryats) were involved in this study. Genotyping of MTHFR 677C>T was performed by PCR-RT We used soft "STATISTICA 8.0" to compare results. As a result, T-allele frequency was 30 % in Russians and 21,1 % in Buryats. We found significant differences of prevalence of polymorphism 677C>T between studied groups (p = 0.011). Also we found significant difference between Russian and British (p = 0.054), French (p = 0.0263), Spanish (p < 0.0001), Italian (p < 0.0001) and Greek samples (p = 0.0454). The Buryat group had significant differences with Chinese (p < 0.0001), Korean (p < 0.0001), Mongolian (p < 0.004), Japanese (p < 0.0001), Kazakh (p = 0.0198) samples and two samples of Hans (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0390)

THE ETHNOS IN MEDICAL RESEARCHES (LITERATURE REVIEW)

This review describe some possible links of epidemiology and progress diseases with people ethnicity and race. Cultural, socioeconomic, genetic and environmental factors play significant roles in these links. It was shown some ethnic differences in development of a number of pathological conditions in aboriginal and indigenous minorities of the North and Siberia. It was found increasing of the incidence of disease among individual classes of peoples in Siberia. The ethnic factor should be taken in accounts in explanation of pathogenesis of pathological processes, development of evidence-based, differentiated treatment programs and therapeutic approaches in multinational regions of our country

FEATURES OF ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM STATE IN ADOLESCENTS OF EASTERN SIBERIA IN DEPENDS ON THEIR GENDER AND ETHNIC ORIGIN

This research is devoted to studying of features of antioxidant protection system in adolescent boys and girls of various ethnic groups of Eastern Siberia. Study of the peculiarities of processes of antioxidant protection of populations of people of different ethnicity, living in the same geographical conditions, is of undoubted scientific interest. It is especially important to assess metabolic status of a young, growing body to ensure in the future the preservation of reproductive ability. We biochemically evaluated 58 boys of 14-17 years old. Out of them 19 boys were Russian, 29 boys were Buryat population and 10 boys were metises. Also we biochemically evaluated 57 girls. Out of them 21 were Russian, 27 girls were Buryat population and 9 girls were metises. The materials for biochemical studies were blood serum and red cells. The total antioxidant activity of serum and the content of its components (superoxide dismutase, α-tocopherol, retinol, blood-reduced glutathione) were evaluatedbya spectrofluomphotometer «SHIMADZU-1501» (Japan). Statistical analysis was performed by parametric tests. The study was supported by grants of the President ofthe Council of the Russian Federation (Scientific School 494.2012.7). The detected features of antioxidant protection processes in observed adolescents had gender differences, also may be explained by their ethnicity and characterized by different degree of activity of metabolic processes in adolescent boys and girls of different ethnic groups of Eastern Siberia. Study the state of the antioxidant system of the organism can be used as an additional criterion for complex examination of practically healthy adolescents, which significantly enhance the representation about the adaptation possibilities of the organism to external conditions and can be a basis for effective monitoring of reproductive health in the future