ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ БАРЬЕРЫ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ ЭКСПОРТНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ЗЕРНОВОЙ ОТРАСЛИ РОССИИ

Russia is the world's largest wheat exporter. The sales volume on foreign markets in 2015 amounted to $3.9 billion, or 10.1% of global exports. By the end of 2015, the volume of exports of agricultural products exceeded revenues from sales of arms in foreign markets. However, in dollar terms, wheat exports correspond to only a fifth place in the world. The article analyzes the reasons for a significant gap in the volume of exports and revenue, barriers to the development of export of agricultural deep processed products. The assumption is made that the development of technologies for deep processing of grain crops will increase the share of exports of Russian products with high added value.Россия является крупнейшим в мире экспортёром пшеницы, объем продаж на внешние рынки в 2015 г. составил 3,9 млрд долл., или 10,1% от общемирового экспорта. По итогам 2015 г. объем экспорта сельскохозяйственной продукции России превысил доходы от продажи вооружений на внешних рынках. При этом в долларовом эквиваленте экспорт пшеницы соответствует лишь пятому месту в мире. В статье анализируются причины значительного разрыва в объеме экспорта и полученных доходах, барьеры развития экспорта зерновой продукции глубокой переработки.Обосновано предположение о том, что развитие технологий глубокой переработки зерновых культур будет способствовать повышению доли экспорта российских товаров с высокой добавленной стоимостью

International scientific research on venture capital: a bibliometric and mapping analysis from the period 1978–2020

The aim of this study is to explore the relevance of scientific production on venture capital using bibliometric and mapping tools.We performed a search in Scopus, involving any document published between 1978 and 2020. We used bibliometric indicators to explore documents production, dispersion, distribution, time of duplication, and annual growth, as Price’s law of scientific literature growth, Lotka’s law, the transient index, and the Bradford model. We also calculated the participation index of the different countries and institutions. Finally, we explored the co-occurrence and thematic networks for the most frequently used terms in venture capital research through bibliometric mapping.A total of 1,230 original articles were collected from the timeframe 1978–2020. The model confirms that Price’s law is not fulfilled. Scientific production was better adjusted to linear growth (r = 0.9290) than exponential (r = 0.9161). Literature on venture capital research has increased its growth in the last 43 years at a rate of 7.9% per year, with a production that doubles its size every 9.1 years. The transience index was 79.91%, which indicates that most of the scientific production is due to a lot of authors with a small number of publications on the research topic. Bradford´s law shows that the scientific production in this area is widely distributed in multiple journals, and Lotka’s law indicates that the author’s distribution is heavily concentrated on small producers. The United States of America (USA) and the University of Pennsylvania present the highest production, contributing 31.22% and 1.63% of the total production of research on venture capital.The venture capital task has undergone a linear growth, with a very high rate of transience, which indicates the presence of numerous authors who sporadically publish on this topic. No evidence of a saturation point was observed in the scientific production analyzed, which makes it possible to conclude that the research in venture capital will continue to be in demand by the scientific community.The aim of this study is to explore the relevance of scientific production on venture capital using bibliometric and mapping tools.We performed a search in Scopus, involving any document published between 1978 and 2020. We used bibliometric indicators to explore documents production, dispersion, distribution, time of duplication, and annual growth, as Price’s law of scientific literature growth, Lotka’s law, the transient index, and the Bradford model. We also calculated the participation index of the different countries and institutions. Finally, we explored the co-occurrence and thematic networks for the most frequently used terms in venture capital research through bibliometric mapping.A total of 1,230 original articles were collected from the timeframe 1978–2020. The model confirms that Price’s law is not fulfilled. Scientific production was better adjusted to linear growth (r = 0.9290) than exponential (r = 0.9161). Literature on venture capital research has increased its growth in the last 43 years at a rate of 7.9% per year, with a production that doubles its size every 9.1 years. The transience index was 79.91%, which indicates that most of the scientific production is due to a lot of authors with a small number of publications on the research topic. Bradford´s law shows that the scientific production in this area is widely distributed in multiple journals, and Lotka’s law indicates that the author’s distribution is heavily concentrated on small producers. The United States of America (USA) and the University of Pennsylvania present the highest production, contributing 31.22% and 1.63% of the total production of research on venture capital.The venture capital task has undergone a linear growth, with a very high rate of transience, which indicates the presence of numerous authors who sporadically publish on this topic. No evidence of a saturation point was observed in the scientific production analyzed, which makes it possible to conclude that the research in venture capital will continue to be in demand by the scientific community

Мировая практика государственной поддержки венчурной индустри

The experience and features of state models of support for the corporate venture sector in the USA, China, and EU countries are summarized. A general trend in the development of the venture capital industry for foreign countries is the shift in the focus of venture capital funds to investments of late stages of financing. It is shown that the greatest efficiency of government programs in stimulating large companies to innovative and technological development is achieved with joint financing of startups, with the creation of a venture capital fund, with the introduction of tax incentives aimed at companies with high growth potential.Обобщен опыт и особенности государственных моделей поддержки корпоративного венчурного сектора в США, Китае и странах ЕС. Общим трендом развития венчурной отрасли для зарубежных стран является смещение фокуса венчурных фондов на инвестиции поздних стадий финансирования. Показано, что наибольшая эффективность государственных программ при стимулировании крупных компаний к инновационно-технологическому развитию достигается при совместном финансировании стартапов, при создании фонда венчурных фондов, при внедрении налоговых льгот, нацеленных на компании с высоким потенциалом роста

Technological barriers to the growth of the export potential of Russian grain industry

Russia is the world's largest wheat exporter. The sales volume on foreign markets in 2015 amounted to $3.9 billion, or 10.1% of global exports. By the end of 2015, the volume of exports of agricultural products exceeded revenues from sales of arms in foreign markets. However, in dollar terms, wheat exports correspond to only a fifth place in the world. The article analyzes the reasons for a significant gap in the volume of exports and revenue, barriers to the development of export of agricultural deep processed products. The assumption is made that the development of technologies for deep processing of grain crops will increase the share of exports of Russian products with high added value