Evaluation of physical characteristics of chevon as affected by post-mortem carcass dressing and freezing preservation

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of post-mortem dressing methods and freezing preservation on the physical characteristics of chevon. Twenty-seven Red-Sokoto male goats between 10 and 12 months of age weighing 18–20 kg were purchased, stabilized and slaughtered. The carcasses were randomly allotted to three post-mortem dressing procedures (scalding, skinning and singeing) and meat from thigh cuts was frozen for 0, 7, 14 and 21 days. Meat samples were excised each day after thawing for physical analysis and data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a completely randomized design experiment with 3x4 factorial arrangement. The significant means were separated with the Duncan multiple range test at p<0.05. The results showed that the post-mortem dressing methods and freezing affected Red-Sokoto chevon significantly with the singeing method exerting the highest detrimental effects on physical attributes of meat with the exception of color, yield and pH, while the skinning method exerted the least detrimental effects. Also, cold, cooking and drip losses as well as thermal shortening, cold shortening and pH values increased between the 14th and 21st day, while color, yield, water holding capacity, texture and shear force values decreased across the three treatments during freezing periods. The effects were more significant in singed and scalded meat than in skinned chevon. It was recommended, therefore, that skinning method be encouraged if meat from Red-sokoto male goats is to be frozen and the period of freezing be limited to 14 days for wholesome meat

Entomophagy — An evaluation of quality and acceptability of Raphia palm weevil larvae (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) as influenced by thermal processing methods

In this study, the quality and acceptability factor of Raphia palm weevil larvae (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) as influenced by different thermal processing methods were investigated. Raphia palm weevil larvae (n=1000) were randomly distributed into four groups of 250 larvae per group according to a treatment, namely: T1 = boiling (100 °C), T2 = roasting (120 °C) T3 = frying (160 °C) and T4 = oven-drying (180 °C). All treatments lasted 20 minutes. Analyses were carried out to determine the physical, chemical, vitamin and mineral composition, and microbial load. In addition, sensory characteristics were evaluated. Weevil larvae processed by the boiling method had the highest cooking yield (97.59%), water holding capacity (21.78%) and the lowest cooking loss (2.41%). The protein and fat content was higher in weevil larvae processed by frying (37.63% and 17.70%, respectively), while moisture was lowest (18.68%) in oven-dried larvae. The calcium, magnesium and phosphorus content was higher in oven-dried larvae, while there were no significant differences in iron, manganese, zinc and vitamins in the processed larvae irrespective of the methods. Boiled larvae had a higher microbial load, while fried and oven-dried larvae had the lowest microbial load. Fried larvae elicited highest sensory characteristics except tenderness, which was higher in boiled larvae, but fried larvae had higher overall acceptability than those processed by other methods. Therefore, it has been shown that the frying method is an appropriate method of processing Raphia palm weevil larvae for enhanced quality and acceptability.In this study, the quality and acceptability factor of Raphia palm weevil larvae (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) as influenced by different thermal processing methods were investigated. Raphia palm weevil larvae (n=1000) were randomly distributed into four groups of 250 larvae per group according to a treatment, namely: T1 = boiling (100 °C), T2 = roasting (120 °C) T3 = frying (160 °C) and T4 = oven-drying (180 °C). All treatments lasted 20 minutes. Analyses were carried out to determine the physical, chemical, vitamin and mineral composition, and microbial load. In addition, sensory characteristics were evaluated. Weevil larvae processed by the boiling method had the highest cooking yield (97.59%), water holding capacity (21.78%) and the lowest cooking loss (2.41%). The protein and fat content was higher in weevil larvae processed by frying (37.63% and 17.70%, respectively), while moisture was lowest (18.68%) in oven-dried larvae. The calcium, magnesium and phosphorus content was higher in oven-dried larvae, while there were no significant differences in iron, manganese, zinc and vitamins in the processed larvae irrespective of the methods. Boiled larvae had a higher microbial load, while fried and oven-dried larvae had the lowest microbial load. Fried larvae elicited highest sensory characteristics except tenderness, which was higher in boiled larvae, but fried larvae had higher overall acceptability than those processed by other methods. Therefore, it has been shown that the frying method is an appropriate method of processing Raphia palm weevil larvae for enhanced quality and acceptability

A Study of Some Quality Characteristics of Paracetamol Tablet

This paper is focused on the study of some quality characteristics of Paracetamol Tablet produced by TUYIL Pharmaceutical Industry Limited, Ilorin, Kwara State between January and June 2019. The data used was a secondary data collected from the quality department of the company, and collected on the following four quality characteristics: average weight (milligram), hardness (kilo pounds), disintegration time (minutes), and friability (percentage) as in the appendix. The Pattern of distribution was examined for the characteristics through their histogram and monitored using 16X"> -chart and R-chart. The process capability analysis was carried out by estimating the capability indexes. All the quality characteristics studied are in statistical control, capable of producing within their specified range. All the pairs of the quality characteristics are significantly correlated. Keywords:Specification Limits, Upper Control Limit, Lower Control Limit, Statistical Process Control, Average Weight, Disintegration Time, Hardness, Friability DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/95-03 Publication date: November 30th 202

ENHANCED STUDENTS LEARNING AND THE NEW GRADUATES EXPERIENCE: A CASE IN ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, COVENANT UNIVERSITY

All year round in the world, admissions into higher institutions of learning are carried out with most students finding themselves in various disciplines including Architecture. Once on these career paths, students have different learning abilities one differing from the other. Learning enhancement refers to skills acquisition to improving understanding especially in the value and effective use of knowledge acquired. This is normally done through taught courses from departmental faculty members with the aim of enriching the undergraduate for maximum knowledge enhancement. As a result, this research will try and identify the modern and dynamic learning techniques available for knowledge dissemination to undergraduate classes of Architecture at Covenant University. Quantitative research methods was adopted where questionnaires were administered to the fresh classes of the Department of Architecture. This paper aims to enhance learning skills at the undergraduate level and the application towards effective teaching delivery by faculty in Architecture schools. The following questions are to be answered: What are the relevant skills required of undergraduate students in the department of architecture?, What current enhanced learning techniques are used in teaching the students in the fresh classes of Architecture at Covenant University? and In what ways can innovative teaching methods and skills of knowledge transfer be used to enhance effective learning at the undergraduate level? Contributions to knowledge are that new methods of enhanced learning techniques are to be recommended from the study, and also new methods of knowledge transfer will be proffered. Secondly, enhanced learning methods and skills need to be introduced into the curriculum towards effectively equipping the new intake better prepared for the course of study

Agricultural Sector and HIV/AIDS Pandemic in Africa: The Economic Retrogression Model

Abstract Objective: Agricultural activities in most African countries demand human labour, the supply of labour to agriculture may be threatened if humans could no longer farm because of HIV/AIDS pandemic. Past studies have identified the alarming situation and challenges the spread of HIV/AIDS endemic poses to human existence and agricultural growth. Examining these interactions, and their direction, is useful for informing policy directives. Therefore, the general objective of this study is to examine interactions between HIV/AIDS pandemic and agricultural growth in Africa using a model of retrogression. Methods: Twenty countries in Africa identified as HIV/AIDS ravaged countries were taken as the areas of study. These countries are spread over four zones of the Northern Africa, the Eastern, the Southern and the Sub-Saharan Africa. A combination of analytical tools was employed to meet the study objectives. Results: The results revealed that long run economic cost of HIV/AIDS had a statistical positive significant relationship with agricultural/economic growth. The results suggest that there is a curvilinear relationship between the course of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and agricultural/economic growth in terms of human capita development. Conclusions: HIV/AIDS pandemic interactions and agricultural growth have demonstrated that a more balanced approach is necessary for effective policy

Levels Of Iron And Copper In Ewes Milk As Influenced By Stages Of Lactation

The population of sheep and goats in Nigeria serves as a potential source of milk for the growing population. Potentials of goats and sheep have long been recognized (Ademosun, 1987). If ewe’s milk is about to occupysuch an important position in the dairy market, it then becomes imperative to establish it’s nutritional status, including mineral compositions at every sage of lactation. Nine newly Lambed West African Dwarf Sheep, 19 ± 1 month old, weighing 20 ± 2 kg, were divided into 9 replicates to study their responses to different stages of lactation in a completely randomized Design. Aliquots of total colostrums and milk collected daily and weekly respectively for each animal were reserved, labeled and frozen for determination of levels of Fe and Cu. The result showed that levels of Fe and Cu are constant in all samples of colostrums but higher than the levels in milk, which decline with advancing stages of lactation. The knowledge of levels of Fe and Cu in eve’s milk is essential for the handling of pre-weaned lambs ad thehandling of the milk for human nutrition. Original/Value: Fe and Cu are the central players in haematopoiesis

Exploration of public spending and agricultural growth. Comparative analysis of Nigerian and Malaysian agricultural growth (1970-2010).

Public expenditure in the form of budget is making a provision for development for today and in the future. Over the year’s sustainable budget provisions has been a contentious issue in Economic development. Public expenditure is a fiscal instrument that government uses to sustain the economy. The question is “what is to be sustained” and “what is to be developed”. This is the rationale for this study. Literature has revealed that Nigeria and Malaysia are comptemporaries in terms of development in the 1960s, recent findings revealed that Malaysia is advanced in economic development than Nigeria. The study answer two precise questions: policy settings under which public spending contributes to agricultural growth? and public spending mechanisms that have a clearer and longer-lasting influence on agricultural growth? The study aim to establish a link to public spending in Malaysia and provide lessons regarding the level and composition of public spending that can be useful for Nigeria. Secondary data used and sourced from FAOSTAT and International Monetary Fund's Government Finance Statistics (various issues) from 1970 to 2010. Simple version endogenous growth theory adopted. Government expenditures as a percentage of GDP in Nigeria witnessed massive public funding in Agriculture in the 1960s-1980s but decline in 1990s-2010, while Malaysian experienced consistency, both in public funding in agriculture and growth. Malaysia as the better manager in terms of components of growth than Nigeria. Malaysia reflects a clear predominance of productive spending, which is sustained through the decades of analysis, while Nigeria predominance of unproductive spending

Performance, Carcass and Meat Characteristics of West African Dwarf Rams Given Water Contaminated With Used Engine Oil

This study was conducted to determine the effect of giving water contaminated with used engine oil on performance, carcass and meat characteristics of West African Dwarf (WAD) rams. 15 WAD rams about 10 months old were used. They were grouped into 5 balanced for weight. Used engine oil was collected from an Auto mechanic workshop in Ayetoro Yewa Ogun state and mixed to 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20ml with one litre of clean water at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% designated T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The rams were assigned to these treatment groups in a completely randomized design experiment and were given the contaminated water for 13 weeks. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p=0.05. The results showed that nutrient intake was higher, while water intake decreased (p<0.05) as the level of used engine oil in water increased, nitrogen intakes and urinary nitrogen decreased (p<0.05) as well as nitrogen retention. Although weight gain increased (p<0.05) feed efficiency decreased (p<0.05). Carcass primal cuts and meat characteristics decreased except cooking yield and water holding capacity as used engine oil increased in the given water. It was therefore, recommended that used engine oil should not be allowed to flow freely into the surrounding water bodies where grazing animals may consume it as this may lead to reduction in their water intake which can affect the health of the animals and increased feed intake can affect profit margin of the farmers

Taste panel socio-economic characteristics and the organoleptic properties of rabbit meat cooked by five different methods

Forty New Zealand rabbits weighing 1.8-2.0kg (live weight) were used for this study. They were starved overnight, slaughtered and dressed conventionally. The carcasses were then allotted randomly to five different cooking methods namely, boiling, frying, roasting, boiling + frying and boiling + roasting. Assessment of the sensory characteristics (tenderness, flavour, juiciness and overall acceptability) was carried out on a 9-point hedonic scale by a 50-member taste panel. Some of the socio-economic characteristics of the taste panel studied included their age, sex, educational background and monthly income. Fifty eight percent (58%) of the taste panel was female. Majority (66%) fell within the 29-34 years age bracket and 76% had Tertiary education. Twelve to twenty percent (12-20%) earned between N10, 000- N20,000($78.74 -$157.48) while 32% earned above N20,000(above $157.48). Fifty six percent (56%) of the members of the taste panel consume rabbit meat while 29.03% ranked rabbit meat least among meat types. The nutritional qualities assessed for were then subjected to statistical analysis. The cooking methods used did not have any significant effect (p>0.05) on the eating quality of rabbit meat. The highest scores for tenderness and juiciness were recorded for rabbit meat cooked by roasting while the highest scores for flavour and overall acceptability were recorded for meat cooked by frying. Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences Vol. 3 (2) 2005: pp.139-14