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Effect of ionic ordering in conductivity experiments of DNA aqueous solutions
The effects of ionic ordering in DNA water solutions are studied by
conductivity experiments. The conductivity measurements are performed for the
solutions of DNA with KCl salt in the temperature range from 28 to 70 C. Salt
concentration vary from 0 to 2 M. The conductivity of solutions without DNA but
with the same concentration of KCl salt are also performed. The results show
that in case of salt free solution of DNA the melting process of the double
helix is observed, while in case of DNA solution with added salt the
macromolecule denaturation is not featured. For salt concentrations lower than
some critical one (0.4 M) the conductivity of DNA solution is higher than the
conductivity of KCl water solution without DNA. Starting from the critical
concentration the conductivity of KCl solution is higher than the conductivity
of DNA solution with added salt. For description of the experimental data
phenomenological model is elaborated basing on electrolyte theory. In framework
of the developed model a mechanism of counterion ordering is introduced.
According to this mechanism under the low salt concentrations electrical
conductivity of the system is caused by counterions of DNA ion-hydrate shell.
Increasing the amount of salt to the critical concentration counterions
condense on DNA polyanion. Further increase of salt concentration leads to the
formation of DNA-salt complexes that decreases the conductivity of the system.Comment: 12 pages, 6figures. Ukr. J. Phys. (2014
Thermodynamics Characterization of Density models for an Effective Solar Water Heater Sizing
The problem faced in Sizing of an effective Solar Water Heater (SWH) by engineers to meet certain design
requirement is highly enormous. Using the thermodynamic characterization relation and the knowledge of
Solar Water Heater (SWH) density’s model; various design were evaluated. The result shows that density
model actually predicts adequately and providing alternative means of estimating these design parameters.
Also, the properties of the system, such as entropy and enthalpy (specific heat capacities), which cannot be
determined directly from experimental axiom, were evaluated. These evaluations therefore, give room to
express the thermodynamics properties of the system and consequently improve the design performance.
Further comparisons with experimental results reveal a better outfit. Therefore through the knowledge of
thermodynamic relation an efficient Solar Water Heater is operated and empirical data is expanded
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