Producer Services, Manufacturing Linkages, and Trade", FIW-Working Paper

Working with a mix of panel data on goods and services trade for the OECD for 1994-2004, combined with social accounts data (i.e. data on intermediate linkages) for 78 countries benchmarked to 2001, we examine the role of services as inputs in manufacturing, with a particular focus on indirect exports of services through merchandise exports, and also on the related interaction between service sector openness and the overall pattern of manufacturing exports. From the cross-section, we also develop a set of stylized facts linking services to level of development and the density of intermediate linkages. We find significant and strong positive effects from increased business service openness (i.e. greater levels of imports) on industries like machinery, motor vehicles, chemicals and electric equipment, supporting the notion that offshoring of business services may promote the competitiveness of the most skill and technology intensive industries in the OECD. Conversely, we find evidence of negative general equilibrium effects for sectors that are less service intensive

Circular dichroism spectra of adsorbed dye-aggregates

A short survey of dye aggregation is given and a connection between aggregation tendency and molecular structure is established. The phenomenon is described that optically inactive dye aggregates, adsorbed to macromolecules with optically active centres, show an induced optical activity that is extraordinarily high. The relations between the dye aggregate structure and this induced optical activity are investigated