Ukraine's population future after the Russian Invasion

This report analyses the effect of the Russian Invasion on the longer-term future of Ukraine?s population size and structure. The qualitative scenarios spanning a range of possible migration futures are translated into quantitative population projections using a multistate population model which shows the evolution of the size and age-sex composition of Ukraine?s population up to 2052. Under the most pessimistic scenario of Long war, low return scenario we project a decline of 30 of the population. The difference of in population decline across the four considered migration scenarios matches the uncertainty in the UN projections suggesting that migration will be similarly important as fertility and mortality in driving population change in Ukraine following the war

Therapy chronic trichomoniasis at patients with associated urogenital chlamydial infection

Present material of problem question therapy chronic trichomoniasis. Study clinical and bacteriological effectiveness basic etiotropic preparation and their combination, used in treatment patients trichomoniasis. Found that the combined application antiprotozoal drugs have a more pronounced effect on kills T. vaginalis and shortens the rehabilitation of the patient

The effectiveness of a monopreparation containing a combination of ciprofloxacin – ornidazole in the treatment of infectious-inflammatory and dysbiotic vagina diseases

Introduction. Infectious inflammatory and dysbiotic diseases of the vagina represent a major concern facing obstetric and gynecological science. Individually, the two most common specific diseases can be distinguished, namely: bacterial vaginosis (BV) and nonspecific vaginitis (NV). The therapeutic strategy for these diseases requires a word of clarification and adjustment.Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of treatment with the combination drug Orcepol WM (ciprofloxacin (500 mg) and ornidazole (500 mg)) and a combination of monopreparations in a dosage form similar to Orcepol WM.Materials and methods. As a comparison object, we used the method of simultaneous administration by patients of tablet forms of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole as mono-preparations in a dosage of 500 mg similar to Orcepol. The study included 64 patients with diagnoses of “bacterial vaginosis” or “nonspecific vaginitis” or "decompensated mixed vaginal dysbiosis". The average age of the patients was 35.34 ± 5.95 years. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 32) received the combination drug Orcepol WM, group 2 (n = 32) received ciprofloxacin and ornidazole with two mono-preparations. The drugs were prescribed as a five-day course, two times a day. The patients were followed up by a doctor during two visits and one remote interview on day 30–45 after the end of treatment (visit 2).Results. In both groups, all patients received a full course of antibacterial therapy. There were no adverse drug reactions. In both groups, there was an improvement in clinical symptoms from the first to the second visit: discomfort, itching, burning, dyspareunia, hyperemia of the mucous membrane against the background of normalization of laboratory findings of the vaginal microbiocenosis condition. At the same time, the best results were higher in group 1. Manifestation of mycotic vaginitis with the development of strong clinical symptomatology on days 3 and 4 of treatment respectively were recorded in 4 (12.5%) patients from group 1 and 7 (21.9%) from group 2. The results of comparative observation showed that the number of relapses after the end of therapy were the same in group 1 (8 out of 32 patients, 25%) and in group 2 (9 out of 32 patients, 28%). The relapse occurred on average day 12 and 17 after the end of therapy, respectively.Сonclusion. Thus, the use of Orcepol WM showed a greater therapeutic efficacy as compared to the use of tablet forms of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole in similar dosages as a single-drug administration, which can be explained by a stronger patients' adherence to the treatment

An organization‐ and category‐level comparison of diagnostic requirements for mental disorders in ICD‐11 and DSM‐5

In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) published the 5th edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5). In 2019, the World Health Assembly approved the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11). It has often been suggested that the field would benefit from a single, unified classification of mental disorders, although the priorities and constituencies of the two sponsoring organizations are quite different. During the development of the ICD‐11 and DSM‐5, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the APA made efforts toward harmonizing the two systems, including the appointment of an ICD‐DSM Harmonization Group. This paper evaluates the success of these harmonization efforts and provides a guide for practitioners, researchers and policy makers describing the differences between the two systems at both the organizational and the disorder level. The organization of the two classifications of mental disorders is substantially similar. There are nineteen ICD‐11 disorder categories that do not appear in DSM‐5, and seven DSM‐5 disorder categories that do not appear in the ICD‐11. We compared the Essential Features section of the ICD‐11 Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (CDDG) with the DSM‐5 criteria sets for 103 diagnostic entities that appear in both systems. We rated 20 disorders (19.4%) as having major differences, 42 disorders (40.8%) as having minor definitional differences, 10 disorders (9.7%) as having minor differences due to greater degree of specification in DSM‐5, and 31 disorders (30.1%) as essentially identical. Detailed descriptions of the major differences and some of the most important minor differences, with their rationale and related evidence, are provided. The ICD and DSM are now closer than at any time since the ICD‐8 and DSM‐II. Differences are largely based on the differing priorities and uses of the two diagnostic systems and on differing interpretations of the evidence. Substantively divergent approaches allow for empirical comparisons of validity and utility and can contribute to advances in the field

Theory of differential inclusions and its application in mechanics

The following chapter deals with systems of differential equations with discontinuous right-hand sides. The key question is how to define the solutions of such systems. The most adequate approach is to treat discontinuous systems as systems with multivalued right-hand sides (differential inclusions). In this work three well-known definitions of solution of discontinuous system are considered. We will demonstrate the difference between these definitions and their application to different mechanical problems. Mathematical models of drilling systems with discontinuous friction torque characteristics are considered. Here, opposite to classical Coulomb symmetric friction law, the friction torque characteristic is asymmetrical. Problem of sudden load change is studied. Analytical methods of investigation of systems with such asymmetrical friction based on the use of Lyapunov functions are demonstrated. The Watt governor and Chua system are considered to show different aspects of computer modeling of discontinuous systems

Band-gap and sub-band-gap photoelectrochemical processes at nanocrystalline CdS grown on ZnO by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticle (NP) deposition by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method on the surface of mesoporous ZnO micro-platelets with a large specific surface area (110 ± 10 m2g− 1) results in the formation of ZnO/CdS heterostructures exhibiting a high incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (Y) not only within the region of CdS fundamental absorption (Ymax = 90%; 0.1 M Na2S + 0.1 M Na2SO3), but also in the sub-band-gap (SBG) range (Ymax = 25%). The onset potentials of SBG photoelectrochemical processes are more positive than the band-gap (BG) onset potential by up to 100 mV. A maximum incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency value for SBG processes is observed at larger amount of deposited CdS in comparison with the case of BG ones. The Urbach energy (EU) of CdS NPs determined from the photocurrent spectra reaches a maximal value on an early deposition stage (EU = 93 mV at SILAR cycle number N = 5), then lowers somewhat (EU = 73 mV at N = 10) and remains steady in the range of N from 20 to 300 (EU = 67 ± 1 mV). High efficiency of the photoelectrochemical SBG processes are interpreted in terms of light scattering in the ZnO/CdS heterostructures

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЭКСТРАКОРПОРАЛЬНОЙ ЭТИОТРОПНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ В КОМПЛЕКСНОМ ЛЕЧЕНИИ БОЛЬНЫХ ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ МОЧЕПОЛОВЫМ ТРИХОМОНИАЗОМ

Address deficiencies in the methods of treatment of patients with chronic trichomoniasis. The cause of ineffective therapy may be low concentration antitrichomonal drugs in foci of chronic inflammation in the urinary organs, because of microcirculatory disorders and the development of scarring. The difficulty in achieving therapeutic concentrations of chemotherapeutic drugs in the affected tissues due to the laws of their pharma-cokinetics and the lack of effective methods for their directed transport. With a view to readjustment of the genitourinary system of trichomonas invasion, we used the method of directed transport of metronidazole in autoleukocyts, which was previously activated helium-neon laser, which created in inflammatory foci of urinary tract maximally effective concentration of the chemotherapy. The introduction of chemotherapeutic drugs in the patients was carried out by alternative drug-induced plasma exchange. The data of comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of traditional and developed ways to treat showed that the drug-induced plasma exchange shortened at 2 times the basic terms of the normalization of the clinical manifestations of disease. Due to the directed transport of metronidazole in inflammation was achieved by greater efficiency in treatment of trichomoniasis than using the traditional treatment. Foci of invasion sanation was observed immediately after the application of this method of therapy. High antitrichomonal efficiency observed in the late period of observation for patients.Проанализированы недостатки существующей терапии больных с хроническим мочеполовым трихомониазом. Причиной неэффективности лечения может быть низкая концентрация антитрихомонадных средств в очагах хронического воспаления из-за нарушений микроциркуляции и развития рубцовых изменений в мочеполовых органах. Трудности достижения подавляющей концентрации химиопрепаратов в пораженных тканях объясняются закономерностями их фармакокинетики и отсутствием эффективных способов их направленного транспорта. С целью санации трихомонадной инвазии путем создания в воспалительных очагах мочеполового тракта максимально эффективной концентрации химиопрепаратов мы использовали способ направленного транспорта метронидазола в аутолейкоцитах, предварительно активированных излучением гелийнеонового лазера у пациентов с мочеполовым трихомониазом. Введение химиопрепарата в организм больного проводили по варианту лекарственного плазма-лейкоцитофереза. Полученные данные сравнительной оценки эффективности традиционного и разработанного способов лечения свидетельствовали о том, что лекарственный плазма-лейкоцитоферез сокращал в 2 раза сроки нормализации основных клинических проявлений заболевания. За счет направленного транспорта метронидазола в очаги воспаления достигалась более высокая антипротозойная эффективность терапии, чем при использовании традиционного лечения. Санация очагов инвазии наблюдалась сразу же после завершения применения данного способа терапии. Высокая антипротозойная эффективность имела место и в отдаленном периоде наблюдения за пациентами

Including gaming disorder in the ICD-11: the need to do so from a clinical and public health perspective

The proposed introduction of gaming disorder (GD) in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) has led to a lively debate over the past year. Besides the broad support for the decision in the academic press, a recent publication by van Rooij et al. (2018) repeated the criticism raised against the inclusion of GD in ICD-11 by Aarseth et al. (2017). We argue that this group of researchers fails to recognize the clinical and public health considerations, which support the WHO perspective. It is important to recognize a range of biases that may influence this debate; in particular, the gaming industry may wish to diminish its responsibility by claiming that GD is not a public health problem, a position which maybe supported by arguments from scholars based in media psychology, computer games research, communication science, and related disciplines. However, just as with any other disease or disorder in the ICD-11, the decision whether or not to include GD is based on clinical evidence and public health needs. Therefore, we reiterate our conclusion that including GD reflects the essence of the ICD and will facilitate treatment and prevention for those who need it

ХРОНИЧЕСКАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ КАК ОДИН ИЗ ВОЗМОЖНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ РИСКА РАЗВИТИЯ ОТКРЫТОУГОЛЬНОЙ ГЛАУКОМЫ

This review is about analysis of data possible role of the infectious factor in development open-angle glaucoma. The obstruction of ways of outflow  s an important role in increase of intraocular pressure. The reason can be various infectious agents, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and B.fragilis. There were separate publications during last years, which are devoted to studying a role of proinflammatory cytotoxicants, they show the role of the inflammatory factor in pathogenesis of glaucomatical process. In the literary data we can see role of infections which are show communication between ontamination of bacteriumНelicobacter pylori and glaucoma development. There is data that patients with open-angle glaucoma in 63% have high level of shooting galleries of antibodies IgG in blood to C. pneumoniae. It is connected with infringement of optic disc food as a result of influence C. pneumoniae on its vascular system.В обзоре представлен анализ сведений по оценке возможной роли инфекционного фактора в развитии открытоугольной глаукомы. Важной ролью в повышении внутриглазного давления является обструкция путей оттока. Причиной ее могут служить различные инфекционные агенты, в том числе Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum и B. fragilis. В последние годы появились публикации, посвященные изучению роли провоспалительных цитокинов, указывающих на роль воспалительного фактора в патогенезе глаукоматозного процесса. О роли инфекций свидетельствуют литературные сведения, указывающие на связь между инфицированием Нelicobacter pylori и развитием глаукомы. Имеются данные, что у больных с открытоугольной глаукомой в 63% случаев обнаруживается высокий уровень титров антител к Chlamydophila pneumoniae. Это связывают с нарушением питания диска зрительного нерва в результате воздействия C. pneumoniae на его сосудистую систему