MICELLIZATION OF QUARTERNARY BASED CATIONIC SURFACTANTS IN TRIETHANOLAMINE-WATER MEDIA: A CONDUCTOMETRY STUDY

The effect of polar organic solvent, triethanolamine (TEA) on the micellization of a mixture of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DETABr) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HATABr) has been studied by conductance measurements at temperature range of 298.1 to 313.1K in steps of 5.1K. The values of the critical micelle concentration (CMC*) and the extent of counter-ion binding were obtained by fittings of the specific conductivity-concentration curve to the integrated form of the Boltzmann-Sigmoid equations. The values of CMC* was found to decrease with increase in the percentage composition of TEA. The degree of counter-ion binding of the mixed micelles (β) was determined from the ratio of the slopes corresponding to the post (A2) and pre-mixed micellar regions (A1). The thermodynamic quantities ( and ) was evaluated with the aid of the equilibrium model of mixed micelle formation. The negative deviation of the CMC* from the ideal system, the spontaneity, and the increased degree of randomness of the system were discussed on the basis of hydrophobic-solvophobic interactions of the monomers at elevated temperature

EXPLORING OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AND JOB INVOLVEMENT OF WORKERS IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS

Stress is an important health area of concern among employees globally. The study was structured to investigate the influence of occupational stress on the job involvement of workers. Stress is a complex concept and it has drawn the attention of many to studying its consequences. The variables that were considered includes age, gender, marital status, and types of organizations. These variables have been identified as having implications for occupational stress which influences job involvement of workers in public and private organizations. This is a cross-sectional survey. Questionnaire consisting of two standardized scales (Occupational stress and Job involvement) were administered to 180 workers. One hypothesis was raised and tested using t-test of independent. Results show that there is no significant influence of occupational stress and job involvement of workers in public and private organizations (t = .905, df = 178, p>.05). This study shows that occupational stress exerts strong influence on the job involvement of workers in both private and public organizations. The implications of this study to both employees (public and private) and employers and organizations were highlighted and recommendations mad

Interactions between selected bile salts and Triton X-100 or sodium lauryl ether sulfate

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In order to develop colloidal drug carriers with desired properties, it is important to determine physico-chemical characteristics of these systems. Bile salt mixed micelles are extensively studied as novel drug delivery systems. The objective of the present investigation is to develop and characterize mixed micelles of nonionic (Triton X-100) or anionic (sodium lauryl ether sulfate) surfactant having oxyethylene groups in the polar head and following bile salts: cholate, deoxycholate and 7-oxodeoxycholate.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The micellization behaviour of binary anionic-nonionic and anionic-anionic surfactant mixtures was investigated by conductivity and surface tension measurements. The results of the study have been analyzed using Clint's, Rubingh's, and Motomura's theories for mixed binary systems. The negative values of the interaction parameter indicate synergism between micelle building units. It was noticed that Triton X-100 and sodium lauryl ether sulfate generate the weakest synergistic interactions with sodium deoxycholate, while 7-oxodeoxycholate creates the strongest attractive interaction with investigated co-surfactants.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It was concluded that increased synergistic interactions can be attributed to the larger number of hydrophilic groups at α side of the bile salts. Additionally, 7-oxo group of 7-oxodeoxycholate enhance attractive interactions with selected co-surfactants more than 7-hydroxyl group of sodium cholate.</p

Thermodynamics of Micellization of n-Alkyltriphenylphosphonium Bromides: A Conductometric Study

Abstract The electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of decyl-(C 10 ), dodecyl-(C 12 ), tetradecyl-(C 14 ) and hexadecyl-(C 16 ) triphenylphosphonium bromides (TPPBr) was measured at various temperatures. From the conductivity data the critical micelle concentration cmc, and the effective degree of counter-ion binding β, were obtained at various temperatures using a simple non-linear function obtained by direct integration of a Boltzmann-type sigmoidal function. The thermodynamic parameter