PRACTICE OF LIMITATION OF STATE IMMUNITY BY COUNTERMEASURES UNDER MODERN INTERNATIONAL LAW

Introduction. The article considers an issue if a court of an injured state could deny immunity to a state committed an internationally wrongful act and if that denial could represent a legally acceptable countermeasure. Authors consider an issue if a limitation to the state immunity can be a subject to countermeasure and if this type of countermeasure complies with the conditions of legality.Materials and methods.  In the course of incubation of research, we use writings of foreign and Russian authors, United Nations International Law Commission materials, practice of states and practice of international and national courts. Methodological foundation of research is composed by general scientific and specific scientific methods of obtaining knowledge (dialectical method, analysis method, synthesis method, deduction method, induction method and rather-legal method).Research results. Based on the results of the research conducted authors suggest a mechanism of denial of immunity to a state by a court of an injured state which represents a countermeasure. Authors conclude that if the conditions of legality of countermeasures were met, a denial of immunity to a defendant state by a court of an injured state, which represents a countermeasure, would comply with international law.Discussion and conclusions.  The article draws attention to special aspects of denying of immunity to a state by a court of an injured state, which represents a countermeasure, in case of lodging personal criminal injury claim. Authors conclude that limitation to the state immunity by national courts, which represents a countermeasure, isn’t prohibited by rules of international  law

Innovative development scenario of the domestic market of meat products: problems, factors, trends

The market for meat and its products is, on the one hand, one of the criteria for a country's food security, and, on the other, a peculiar social indicator, since it is a supplier of animal protein that plays an important role in ensuring healthy nutrition of the human body, which directly affects the quality of life., human development index, the formation and creation of conditions for its reproduction. The aim of the work is to study the domestic market of meat processing products from the standpoint of the implementation of the innovative scenario of its development, taking into account the orientation on mental changes in the consumer audience, the tendency to change the hedonic preferences of end users of meat products in the light of the evolution of nutrition theories. The subject of the study was trends, problems and prospects for the development of the domestic market of meat products, including taking into account the peculiarities of the consumer mentality, psychological perception of meat products in the light of the development of the theory and practice of healthy eating. The research methodology was based on a complex of general scientific methods, including analytical, synthetic, deduction. The basis of the research was the compilation and analysis of information sources in the subject area of ??the state and development prospects of the global and domestic meat and meat products market, which form plausible development scenarios, from the standpoint of analyzing commercial relations inherent in the b2c (busness-to-consumer) sector, in particular, the role assortment and the role of the individual customer. The characteristics, factors and trends of the innovation scenario of the development of the market of chilled and frozen meat products are formulated. The perspectives of combining the concept of healthy nutrition with the idea of reviving the traditions of national cuisine based on convergence with innovative food biotechnologies, including based on the author's innovative project to develop combined food systems and economically efficient meat products

Marketing potential of combined meat-plant food products as innovative consumer objects

For the growth of the consumer potential of the food market, an active search for innovative ways and means of development, taking into account various sources of innovative opportunities, is necessary. The analysis shows that consumers of products of agro-industrial enterprises, catering and trade enterprises are an important, but insufficiently studied element in the system of generating samples, or ideas, innovative consumer objects. The purpose of the work is to study consumer trends, features of segmentation in the customer typology and customer feedback elements, as sources of innovation in the external environment of various enterprises and organizations for the production of food based on the processing of meat raw materials. The object of the research was the regional market of meat products of the Central Black Soil Region on the example of the city of Voronezh and the city of Liski, Voronezh Region. The subject of research was the direction of improving the range of meat and meat-plant products, corresponding to the innovative scenario of the development of their market. The analysis of consumer preferences and motivations of the population of the Central Black Earth region (for example, the city of Voronezh and the city of Liski, Voronezh region) in relation to the combined meat and vegetable products was carried out and their potential as innovative consumer objects was evaluated. The article implements a questionnaire survey method in relation to the psychological perception of protein foods from consumers, including middle and mature age. The survey revealed data on the popularity of types of meat products, the frequency of their consumption, priority properties for the consumer, storage modes. The expediency of increasing the nutritional and biological value and the formation of consumer properties of combined meat products based on the hedonic preferences of consumer groups has been substantiated. Directions for improving the range of products for processing meat raw materials will be an organic addition to the cluster for the production and processing of specialized breeds of beef cattle, pork, and poultry meat in the Voronezh region and the Central Black Earth region as a whole

Электрокардиография у крыс в экспериментальных исследованиях (обзор литературы)

A scientific and analytical review of experimental research with the use of rats as biological test systems and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters assessment was conducted. The data on various methods of ECG recording in anesthetized and unanesthetized animals (including the advantages and drawbacks of such methods) were presented. Both invasive and non-invasive approaches to recording the cardiac electrical activity in unanesthetized rats (including the method of telemetric ECG monitoring), which allow EEG monitoring in freely-behaving animals, were described. The review widely presents the studies with ECG registration in anesthetized animals. The data on influence of various types of anesthesia on electrical manifestation of cardiac activity in rats as well as hemodynamic parameters and activity of the vegetative centers regulating them was systematized. The review analyzes the parameters of rat’s ECG recorded in experimental studies in comparison with the parameters of human’s ECG and assesses the possibilities of extrapolating the data obtained to humans. The literature data analysis revealed a fairly wide range of scientific studies and preclinical trials of drugs based on the use of the electrocardiography method in rats. The most significant ECG parameters in rats were identified: PR interval, QRS complex (RS or Rs), T wave amplitude and corrected QT interval, which are of practical importance for adequate interpretation of the data of experimental research of integral characteristics of cardiovascular system and intersystem regulatory mechanisms activity.Проведен научно-аналитический обзор экспериментальных исследований с использованием крыс в качестве биологических тест-систем и оценкой параметров электрокардиограммы (ЭКГ). Представлены данные о различных методах регистрации ЭКГ, применяющиеся как в отечественных экспериментальных исследования, так и в зарубежных, у ненаркотизированных и наркотизированных животных, об их преимуществах и ограничениях. Описаны варианты неинвазивного и инвазивного подходов к записи электрической активности сердца у ненаркотизированных крыс, включая метод телеметрического мониторинга ЭКГ, которые позволяют проводить исследования в свободном поведении животного. В обзоре широко представлены различные экспериментальные исследования с регистрацией ЭКГ у наркотизированных животных. Систематизированы данные о влиянии разных видов анестезии на электрические проявления деятельности проводящей системы сердца крыс, гемодинамические показатели и активность вегетативных центров, которые их регулируют. В обзоре проведен анализ параметров ЭКГ крысы, зарегистрированных в экспериментальных исследованиях, в сопоставлении с параметрами ЭКГ человека, а также дана оценка возможностей экстраполяции полученных данных на человека. Проведенный анализ литературных данных выявил достаточно широкий спектр научных экспериментальных исследований и доклинических испытаний лекарственных препаратов, основанных на использовании метода электрокардиографии у крыс. В качестве наиболее существенных параметров ЭКГ крыс выделены: интервал PR, комплекс QRS (у крыс RS или Rs), амплитуда зубца T и корригируемый интервал QT, которые имеют практическое значение для адекватной интерпретации данных экспериментальных исследований интегральных характеристик деятельности сердечно-сосудистой системы и межсистемных механизмов регуляции

Evaluation of effectiveness of solvent-detergent viral in activation in the manufacture of intravenous human immunoglobulin G in a model of virus diarrhea — mucosal disease of cattle

In model experiments using in vitro virus diarrhea — mucosal disease in cattle (bovine VD-MDC) studied the effectiveness of solvent-detergent (SD) virus inactivation used in the production of intravenous human immunoglobulin G (IgG). Optimized conditions for SD processing of immunoglobulin: the final concentration of tributylphosphate (TBP) 0.3% 0.2% sodium cholate, process temperature of 30 ± 1 °C to 36 ± 1 °C, incubation time 6 hours. The level of reduction of VD-MDC in the processing of the drug in these conditions was more than 6 log 10 TCD 50/ml