3,504 research outputs found
Form factors of the XXZ model and the affine quantum group symmetry
We present new expressions of form factors of the XXZ model which satisfy
Smirnov's three axioms. These new form factors are obtained by acting the
affine quantum group to the known ones obtained
in our previous works. We also find the relations among all the new and known
form factors, i.e., all other form factors can be expressed as kind of
descendents of a special one.Comment: 11 pages, latex; Some explanation is adde
The imposition of Cauchy data to the Teukolsky equation II: Numerical comparison with the Zerilli-Moncrief approach to black hole perturbations
We revisit the question of the imposition of initial data representing
astrophysical gravitational perturbations of black holes. We study their
dynamics for the case of nonrotating black holes by numerically evolving the
Teukolsky equation in the time domain. In order to express the Teukolsky
function Psi explicitly in terms of hypersurface quantities, we relate it to
the Moncrief waveform phi_M through a Chandrasekhar transformation in the case
of a nonrotating black hole. This relation between Psi and phi_M holds for any
constant time hypersurface and allows us to compare the computation of the
evolution of Schwarzschild perturbations by the Teukolsky and by the Zerilli
and Regge-Wheeler equations. We explicitly perform this comparison for the
Misner initial data in the close limit approach. We evolve numerically both,
the Teukolsky (with the recent code of Ref. [1]) and the Zerilli equations,
finding complete agreement in resulting waveforms within numerical error. The
consistency of these results further supports the correctness of the numerical
code for evolving the Teukolsky equation as well as the analytic expressions
for Psi in terms only of the three-metric and the extrinsic curvature.Comment: 14 pages, 7 Postscript figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Factors associated with hospitalisation among people with Parkinson's disease – A systematic review and meta-analysis
INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with an increased risk of admission to hospital, however data on the main reasons for admission is lacking. Our objective was to determine the pooled prevalence of the most common factors leading to admissions among people with Parkinson's disease. METHODOLOGY: MA systematic literature search was conducted in 11 electronic databases. We included all studies providing reasons for admissions among PD patients without restrictions to diagnostic criteria of PD, language or year of study. In the included studies, methodological quality, publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models to calculate the pooled estimates of the identified top factors that lead to admission among people with PD. RESULTS: A total of 7283 studies were identified of which nine studies including 7162 people with PD were included in this review. There was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies regarding reasons for hospitalisation. The pooled prevalence of the topmost reasons for hospitalisation among people with PD was 22%(95%CI 16.0%-30.0%) for infections (mainly urinary tract infections and pneumonia); 19%(95%CI 13.0%-27.0%) for worsening motor manifestations of PD; 18%(95%CI 14.0%-21.0%) for falls/fractures; 13%(95%CI 9.0%-18%) for cardiovascular co-morbidities; 8%(95%CI 4.0%-13.0%) for neuropsychiatric and 7%(95%CI 4.0%-11.0%) gastrointestinal complications. CONCLUSION: The main reasons for hospitalisation among people with PD are infections, worsening motor features, falls/fractures, cardiovascular co-morbidities, neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal complications. Further research is needed in targeting and implementing preventative strategies
Entropy Distance: New Quantum Phenomena
We study a curve of Gibbsian families of complex 3x3-matrices and point out
new features, absent in commutative finite-dimensional algebras: a
discontinuous maximum-entropy inference, a discontinuous entropy distance and
non-exposed faces of the mean value set. We analyze these problems from various
aspects including convex geometry, topology and information geometry. This
research is motivated by a theory of info-max principles, where we contribute
by computing first order optimality conditions of the entropy distance.Comment: 34 pages, 5 figure
Compensatory saccade in the vestibular impaired monkey
IntroductionLoss of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) affects visual acuity during head movements. Patients with unilateral and bilateral vestibular deficits often use saccadic eye movements to compensate for an inadequate VOR. Two types of compensatory saccades have been distinguished, covert saccades and overt saccades. Covert saccades occur during head rotation, whereas overt saccades occur after the head has stopped moving. The generation of covert saccades is part of a central vestibular compensation process that improves visual acuity and suppresses oscillopsia. Understanding the covert saccade mechanism may facilitate vestibular rehabilitation strategies that can improve the patient’s quality of life. To understand the brain mechanisms underlying covert saccades at the neural level, studies in an animal model are necessary. In this study, we employed non-human primates whose vestibular end organs are injured.MethodsWe examined eye movement during the head-impulse test, which is a clinical test to evaluate the vestibulo-ocular reflex. During this test, the monkeys are required to fixate on a target and the head is rapidly and unexpectedly rotated to stimulate the horizontal semi-circular canals.ResultsSimilar to human subjects, monkeys made compensatory saccades. We compared these saccades with catch-up saccades following a moving target that simulates the visual conditions during the head impulse test. The shortest latency of the catch-up saccades was 250 ms, which indicates that it requires at least 250 ms to induce saccades by a visual signal. The latency of some compensatory saccades is shorter than 250 ms during the head impulse test, suggesting that such short latency compensatory saccades were not induced visually. The peak velocity of the short latency saccades was significantly lower than that of longer latency saccades. The peak velocity of these longer latency saccades was closer to that of visually guided saccades induced by a stepping target.ConclusionThese results are consistent with studies in human patients. Thus, this study demonstrates, for the first time, compensatory covert saccades in vestibular impaired monkeys
High serum immunoglobulin g and m levels predict freedom from adverse cardiovascular events in hypertension: a nested case-control substudy of the Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac outcomes trial
Aims:
We aimed to determine whether the levels of total serum IgM and IgG, together with specific antibodies against malondialdehyde-conjugated low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), can improve cardiovascular risk discrimination.
Methods and Results:
The Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial (ASCOT) randomized 9098 patients in the UK and Ireland into the Blood Pressure-Lowering Arm. 485 patients that had cardiovascular (CV) events over 5.5 years were age and sex matched with 1367 controls. Higher baseline total serum IgG, and to a lesser extent IgM, were associated with decreased risk of CV events (IgG odds ratio (OR) per one standard deviation (SD) 0.80 [95% confidence interval, CI 0.72,0.89], p < 0.0001; IgM 0.83[0.75,0.93], p = 0.001), and particularly events due to coronary heart disease (CHD) (IgG OR 0.66 (0.57,0.76); p < 0.0001, IgM OR 0.81 (0.71,0.93); p = 0.002). The association persisted after adjustment for a basic model with variables in the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) as well as following inclusion of C-reactive protein (CRP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NtProBNP). IgG and IgM antibodies against MDA-LDL were also associated with CV events but their significance was lost following adjustment for total serum IgG and IgM respectively. The area under the receiver operator curve for CV events was improved from the basic risk model when adding in total serum IgG, and there was improvement in continuous and categorical net reclassification (17.6% and 7.5% respectively) as well as in the integrated discrimination index.
Conclusion:
High total serum IgG levels are an independent predictor of freedom from adverse cardiovascular events, particularly those attributed to CHD, in patients with hypertension
Collimation of a spherical collisionless particles stream in Kerr space-time
We examine the propagation of collisionless particles emitted from a
spherical shell to infinity. The number distribution at infinity, calculated as
a function of the polar angle, exhibits a small deviation from uniformity. The
number of particles moving from the polar region toward the equatorial plane is
slightly larger than that of particles in the opposite direction, for an
emission radius in extreme Kerr space-time. This means that the black
hole spin exerts an anti-collimation effect on the particles stream propagating
along the rotation axis. We also confirm this property in the weak field limit.
The quadrupole moment of the central object produces a force toward the
equatorial plane. For a smaller emission radius , the absorption of
particles into the black hole, the non-uniformity and/or the anisotropy of the
emission distribution become much more important.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in CQ
Existence of two-channel Kondo regime for tunneling impurities with resonant scattering
Dynamical tunneling systems have been proposed earlier to display a
two-channel Kondo effect, the orbital index of the particle playing the role of
a pseudospin in the equivalent Kondo problem, and the spin being a silent
channel index. However, as shown recently by Aleiner et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.
86, 2629 (2001)], the predicted two-channel Kondo behavior can never be
observed in the weak coupling regime, where the tunneling induced splitting of
the levels of the tunneling system always dominates the physics. Here we show
that the above scenario changes completely if the conduction electrons are
scattered by resonant scattering off the tunneling impurity; Then - as a
non-perturbative analysis reveals - the two-channel Kondo regime can easily be
reached.Comment: 10 PRB page
Application of 4,5-diaminofluorescein to reliably measure nitric oxide released from endothelial cells in vitro
Here we describe in more depth the previously published application of the fluorescent probe 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) in order to reliably measure low levels of nitric oxide (NO) as released from human endothelial cells in vitro. The used approach is based on the following considerations a) use low concentrations of DAF-2 (0.1 µM) in order to reduce the contribution of DAF-2 auto-fluorescence to the measured total fluorescence, and b) subtract the DAF-2 auto-fluorescence from the measured total fluorescence. The advantage of this method is the reliable quantification of NO in a biological system in the nanomolar range once thoroughly validated. Here we focus in addition to the previous publication (Leikert et al., FEBS Lett 2001, 506:131-134) on aspects of validation procedures as well as limitations and pitfalls of this method
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