Indicative role of membranolysis markers in the prognosis of uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia in children of school age

Aim. To evaluate the indicative role of membranolysis markers in the prognosis of uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia in school children and to establish its relation with zinc status indices. Methods. The study included 229 children aged 7 to 17 years with community-acquired pneumonia. The patients were divided into three groups based on morphological form of lung involvement: focal (103 children - group 1), segmental (64 patients - group 2), and lobar pneumonia (62 subjects - group 3). The state of cell membranes was evaluated by the activity of 5’-nucleotidase and rate of sodium-lithium countertransport in erythrocyte membrane. Intensity of peroxidation processes was evaluated by the level of end toxic products and total antioxidative activity, and additionally the blood concentration of zinc was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results. Significant effect of membranolysis processes on the clinical course of pneumonia was revealed. The most prominent pathological changes of the studied indices were registered in patients with focal form of the disease (group 1): increase of the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in average to 5.4±0.06 umol/L and the level of 5’-nucleotidase to 233.90±9.15 nkat, decrease of serum level of zinc to 9.73±0.09 mmol/L and total antioxidative activity to 23.22±0.29%. It was associated with prolonged course and tendency to slow reversal of physical findings in the lungs compared to patients from groups 2 and 3 (p 0.05, respectively). Conclusion. Damage of cytoplasmic membrane in the focus of inflammation can be an objective marker of the course of community-acquired pneumonia in children and a sensitive prognostic sign and can allow identifying children into groups of high risk of prolonged course

РАЗРАБОТКА СРЕДСТВА ДЛЯ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ОБНОВЛЕНИЯ ПРОГРАМНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ

The possibility of implementing a remote software update mean for connected to a common network devices controlled by microcontrollers is considered. Requirements for the mean are presented. The structural scheme of this mean for ARM microcontrollers using the CAN-protocol is developed.Рассмотрена возможность реализации средства дистанционного обновления программного обеспечения устройств под управлением микроконтроллеров, объединенных в общую сеть. Предъявлены требования к средству. Разработана структурная схема этого средства для микроконтроллеров ARM-архитектуры с использованием CAN-протокола

Development of the mean for remote software update

The possibility of implementing a remote software update mean for connected to a common network devices controlled by microcontrollers is considered. Requirements for the mean are presented. The structural scheme of this mean for ARM microcontrollers using the CAN-protocol is developed

Psychological problems of adolescents with recurrent respiratory infections

Acute respiratory diseases occupy one of the main places in the structure of morbidity, including among adolescents. The incidenceof respiratory infections can be seen as an indicator of the adaptation of the organism to the environment, since resistance is one of the leading mechanisms of adaptation. The aim of the study is to study the psychological problems of adolescents with recurrent respiratory infections. The psychoemotional status of adolescents was assessed using the “Clinical questionnaire for identifying and assessing neurotic conditions”, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, a reduced multiphasic personality inventory (SMOL test). Based on a comparative analysis with the data of conditionally healthy adolescents, it was found that for patients with recurrent respiratory infections a significantly higher level of neurotization, neuroticism, and human personality are characteristic, which obviously predispose them to repeated respiratory infections

Polymorphism of the genes of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytocins and acute bronchitis in children

Certain role in the development of respiratory diseases is played by cytokines that possess both pro-and anti-inflammatory activity, and the balance of these factors influences the course of the disease. As shown by studies in recent years, the negative influence of environmental factors, as a rule, implemented against the background of the individual genetic predisposition in virtually any known to date pathology. Objective research: to identify molecular genetic risk factors for the development of acute bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia in children on the basis of the analysis of polymorphisms of pro- and anti-inflammatory interleukins. A complex clinicallaboratory and instrumental examination of 110 children aged 6 to 15 years with acute bronchitis (the main group) was carried out. The control group included 163 conditionally healthy children of the same age. Significant differences were revealed by the polymorphism of the TNFA gene, which has pro-inflammatory properties. At the same time, analysis of the frequency allocation of alleles and genotypes of polymorphism (-174)C/G of IL6 and + 3953C/T gene IL1B did not reveal significant differences with the control. The results of the study can be used in the development of prognostic markers of acute pathology in children and optimization of treatment tactics and preventive measures with an individual approach for each patient

Modern approaches to the prescription of mucolytics and expectorants in the daily pediatric practice

The article presents the clinical evidence of safety and efficacy of mucolytics and expectorants in the treatment of both productive and non-productive coughs in respiratory infections in childhood in all stages of the infectious-inflammatory process. The authors set a goal to study the efficacy and safety of mucolytics and expectorants in children with respiratory infection in the pediatric practice. Materials and methods. A total of 96 children undergoing inpatient treatment for various variants of acute respiratory infection were examined. The average age of the patients was 7.6 ± 0.9 years old (from 3 to 14 years old). All patients were divided into 3 groups. Primary outcomes. Using the investigational drugs in children with various forms of acute respiratory infection made it possible to quickly reduce the intensity and frequency of cough by Day 3-5 from the onset of the disease and therapy, and transform cough into productive wet cough. The study showed rapid positive dynamics in cases, when acetylcysteine was prescribed from the first days of the disease, with a consistent cough therapy using herbal products. Both investigational drugs showed no adverse drug effects during the study. The results of the analysis brings us to the conclusion that a multimodal approach to cough treatment provides a comprehensive effect, which potentiates the treatment effect and allows us to recommend them in everyday pediatric practice as effective symptomatic agents to treat inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. This method helps to prevent polypharmacy, minimizing the drug load on the child

Effectiveness of nebulizers in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children of different ages

Objective: to study the effectiveness of compressor nebulizers in the treatment of respiratory tract respiratory infections in children of different age groups.Material and methods: the main group consisted of 57 children - the average age was 9,7 ± 4,3 years, who were treated with nebulizer therapy using the compressor nebulizer during treatment, 32 children were included in the control group - the average age was 10,8 ± 4,7 years who have not been administered inhalation therapy. Along with conventional therapy, children of the main group underwent inhalation therapy using the compressor nebulizer in two modes, depending on the clinical symptoms of the patient: for bronchitis, the course was 5-6 days, for pneumonia - up to 8-9 days. Using the compressor nebulizer, physiological saline, ipratropium bromide, berodual, pulmicort, lasolvan were injected in a constant flow mode, and in cases of diagnosed rhinosinusitis, a pulsed aerosol delivery regime was used.Results: when analyzing the clinical picture, it was revealed that in all patients the process took a torpid course with prolonged unproductive cough, viscous sputum and persistently retained auscultatory data with insignificant changes in the general blood test. Analysis of the obtained data on the use of various treatment regimens for nosological forms of diseases in the examined children showed that in the patients of the main group the clinical symptoms of a combination of pulmonary diseases and rhino-sinusitis were stopped when applying the pulsating delivery regimen in terms of 6,1 ± 0,7 days (p<0.05), in cases of isolated variants of bronchitis and pneumonia, the use of a constant flow regime reduced the hospitalization of children to 82 ± 7,4% of the standard indicators of bed days.Conclusion: our own studies on the effectiveness of inhalation therapy in children revealed a wide range of clinical effects using the compressor nebulizer, regardless of the age of the patient: the clinical symptoms of a combination of pulmonary diseases and rhinosinusitis were stopped by using a pulsating delivery regimen in a shorter time compared to the control group without inhalation therapy, which reduced the hospitalization of children in the hospital