Brans-Dicke Theory and primordial black holes in Early Matter-Dominated Era

We show that primordial black holes can be formed in the matter-dominated era with gravity described by the Brans-Dicke theory. Considering an early matter-dominated era between inflation and reheating, we found that the primordial black holes formed during that era evaporate at a quicker than those of early radiation-dominated era. Thus, in comparison with latter case, less number of primordial black holes could exist today. Again the constraints on primordial black hole formation tend towards the larger value than their radiation-dominated era counterparts indicating a significant enhancement in the formation of primordial black holes during the matter-dominaed era.Comment: 9 page

Abstract # 3199 Differences in Endothelial Progenitor Cell Outgrowth and Cardio-autonomic Function with Hypertension and HIV Disease Comorbidity

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are associated with cardiovascular function and their numbers decline with older age hypertensive risk and HIV infectionisease burden. Emergent evidence suggests that their functionality and presence may be related to cardio-autonomic and psychological functioning. This study examined whether in a sample of post-menopausal (PM) women (n = 5 HIV+/HTN + mean PM age  = 53, n = 11 HIV+/HTN- mean PM age  = 57, n = 6 HIV-/HTN + mean PM age  = 53, or n = 14 HIV-/HTN- mean PM age  = 53) ex vivo expansion of EPC counts derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells covary with measures of high and low frequency heart rate variability. Mononuclear cells were isolated from each subject’s blood sample and incubated for 15 days in a fibronectin coated flask at 37 degrees Celsius, with the EPC medium changed every 2–3 days. Total cell, cluster, and spindle counts were recorded every 5 days for 2 weeks at 3 different time points labeled (t1, t2, and t3). After 10 days, EPC counts were significantly lower in HIV + HTN + and HIV + HTN- women compared to HIV-HTN+ (ps  < .05) and differences observed in EPC–clusters (t = 2.88, df = 32, p=.05). There was also a trend amongst low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) variables and EPC counts at t2 (ps  < .10) suggesting HIV-related deficits in EPCs may be related to decrease heart rate variability post-menopaus

Collisionality scaling of main-ion toroidal and poloidal rotation in low torque DIII-D plasmas

In tokamak plasmas with low levels of toroidal rotation, the radial electric fi eld Er is a combination of pressure gradient and toroidal and poloidal rotation components, all having similar magnitudes. In order to assess the validity of neoclassical poloidal rotation theory for determining the poloidal rotation contribution to Er , Dα emission from neutral beam heated tokamak discharges in DIII-D [J.L. Luxon, Nucl. Fusion 42 , 614 (2002)] has been evaluated in a sequence of low torque (electron cyclotron resonance heating and balanced diagnostic neutral beam pulse) discharges to determine the local deuterium toroidal rotation velocity. By invoking the radial force balance relation the deuterium poloidal rotation can be inferred. It is found that the deuterium poloidal low exceeds the neoclassical value in plasmas with collisionality #23;#3; νi &lt; 0: 1, being more ion diamagnetic, and with a stronger dependence on collisionality than neoclassical theory predicts. At low toroidal rotation, the poloidal rotation contribution to the radial electric fi eld and its shear is signi cant. The eff ect of anomalous levels of poloidal rotation on the radial electric fi eld and cross fi eld heat transport is investigated for ITER parameters

Phantom energy accretion and primordial black holes evolution in Brans–Dicke theory

In this work, we study the evolution of primordial black holes within the context of Brans-Dicke theory by considering the presence of a dark energy component with a super-negative equation of state called phantom energy as a background. Besides Hawking evaporation, here we consider two type of accretions - radiation accretion and phantom energy accretion. We found that radiation accretion increases the lifetime of primordial black holes whereas phantom accretion decreases the lifespan of primordial black holes. Investigating the competition between the radiation accretion and phantom accretion, we got that there is an instant during the matter-dominated era beyond which phantom accretion dominates radiation accretion. So the primordial black holes which are formed in the later part of radiation dominated era and in matter dominated era are evaporated at a quicker rate than the Hawking evaporation. But for presently evaporating primordial black holes, radiation accretion and Hawking evaporation terms are dominant over phantom accretion term and hence presently evaporating primordial black holes are not much affected by phantom accretion.Comment: 9 page