Interacciones en el manejo forestal y las prácticas agrícolas en comunidades originarias del Estado de México, México: el modelo de paisajes bioculturales a escala local: Interactions in forest management and agricultural practices in communities originating from the State of Mexico, Mexico: the biocultural landscape model at a local scale

La implementación del modelo de paisajes bioculturales a escala local en los pueblos originarios de México podría conducir a la resignificación de dichos paisajes bioculturales, ya que permite la integración de prácticas y saberes para su gestión sostenible. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las dimensiones que caracterizan a los aspectos de los paisajes bioculturales, así como las interacciones en el manejo forestal y las prácticas agrícolas en comunidades originarias del Estado de México, México, para relacionarlas con los objetivos a escala local del modelo de paisajes bioculturales. Con un enfoque cualitativo, se realizó un taller participativo dirigido a miembros de Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG) y académicos especialistas en el tema, que constó de dos etapas. En la primera etapa, por equipos de trabajo, se identificó las dimensiones que caracterizan a los aspectos de los paisajes bioculturales de comunidades originarias, así como las tres dimensiones más importantes de cada aspecto; en la segunda etapa, de manera grupal, se identificaron las interacciones bosque-agricultura, bosque y agricultura, así como su relación con los objetivos locales de la implementación del modelo de paisajes bioculturales. Concluyendo que la identificación de las interacciones en el manejo forestal y las prácticas agrícolas en comunidades originarias podría facilitar el diseño e implementación de los diferentes objetivos a escala local de dicho modelo. The implementation of the biocultural landscapes model at a local scale in the indigenous peoples of Mexico could lead to the resignification of said biocultural landscapes, since it allows the integration of practices and knowledge for their sustainable management. The objective of this study was to identify the dimensions that characterize the aspects of biocultural landscapes, as well as the interactions in forest management and agricultural practices in communities originating from the State of Mexico, Mexico, to relate them to the local-scale objectives of the biocultural landscape model. With a qualitative approach, a participatory workshop was held aimed at members of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and academics specializing in the topic, which consisted of two stages. In the first stage, by work teams, the dimensions that characterize the aspects of the biocultural landscapes of native communities were identified, as well as the three most important dimensions of each aspect; In the second stage, in a group manner, the forest-agriculture, forest and agriculture interactions were identified, as well as their relationship with the local objectives of the implementation of the biocultural landscape model. Concluding that the identification of interactions in forest management and agricultural practices in native communities could facilitate the design and implementation of the different objectives at the local scale of said model

Adenocarcinoma in situ de la ampolla de Vater. Presentación de caso clínico poco frecuente. Manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico

Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 56 años de edad que consulta por dolor en hipocondrio derecho yfiebre. Refiere ictericia, coluria y acolia desde el inicio del cuadro. Niega melena, nauseas y vómitos.Refiere pérdida de peso de aproximadamente 10 kg. .Se realiza Ecografía abdominal con los siguienteshallazgos: Hígado: normal. Vías Biliares Intrahepáticas: dilatadas. Colédoco: 37 mm. en tercio medio y14 mm. a nivel retropancreático. Sospecha de cálculo en su interior. Vesícula biliar: Distendida, con barrobiliar. Se diagnostica Ictericia obstructiva y se indica Colangio Retrograda Endoscópica en donde sevisualiza la papila mayor de aspecto tumoral, midiendo aproximadamente 2 - 2, 5 cm. con una ulceracióncerca del orificio papilar, superficie irregular. Se propone resección endoscópica de la tumoración. Labiopsia informa adenoma velloso con cambios de displasia severa y carcinoma in situ y con compromisode los límites de resección endoscópica. TAC abdominal sin imágenes de metástasis demostrable. Seindica entonces una duodenopacreatectomía cefálica. La anatomía patológica informa adenocarcinoma insitu de la ampolla de Vater con límites quirúrgicos sin evidencia de neoplasia. Ganglios linfáticospancreáticos sin evidencia de metástasis. Buena evolución en el post operatorio y alta hospitalaria a los 15días. A los dos años de seguimiento el paciente esta clínicamente asintomatica y sin evidenciasdiagnósticas de tumor residual

El ciclo celular

ResumenEl proceso conocido como ciclo celular es de gran importacia para la célula ya que tiene como función la formación completa de una nueva célula, evitando en lo posible la creación de células con múltiples errorres, lo cual le permite al organismo permanecer en un constante equilibrio, previeniendo así aquellos desórdenes que pueden perjudicar su salud; de esta manera, todas las célular están controladas por proteínas que no permiten que se presenten situaciones desastrosas para un ser vivo.[Lomanto LD, Ortiz OL, Bretón CO, Gómez AL, Mesa VM. El ciclo celular. MedUNAB 2003; 6(16):21-29].Palabras clave: Ciclo celular, factor promotor de mitosis, proteína RB o 104, clinicas, cinasas

Maize stover in the relationship of maize-growing and cattle raising in the dry tropics of Chiapas, Mexico

An approximation study was conducted using a socio-agricultural approach to determine the current status of maize stover production and use in the Frailesca region of Chiapas. Field work conducted in 2012 consisted of semi-structured interviews to gather information from all stakeholders involved in the maize livestock farming relationship. Three classes of maize-livestock farmers by scale were identified in the region depending on the criteria of crop surface and maize yield. All three classes of farmers were found to be energy efficient, with balances above 9 Mcal produced per Mcal consumed. The primary form of using maize stover at all stages of cattle raising except fattening was direct grazing, due to low yields that make mechanical operations hardly feasible.An approximation study was conducted using a socio-agricultural approach to determine the current status of maize stover production and use in the Frailesca region of Chiapas. Field work conducted in 2012 consisted of semi-structured interviews to gather information from all stakeholders involved in the maizelivestock farming relationship. Three classes of maize-livestock farmers by scale were identified in the region depending on the criteria of crop surface and maize yield. All three classes of farmers were found to be energy efficient, with balances above 9 Mcal produced per Mcal consumed. The primary form of using maize stover at all stages of cattle raising except fattending was direct grazing, due to low yields that make mechanical operations hardly feasible

Solar axion search with the CAST experiment

The CAST (CERN Axion Solar Telescope) experiment is searching for solar axions by their conversion into photons inside the magnet pipe of an LHC dipole. The analysis of the data recorded during the first phase of the experiment with vacuum in the magnet pipes has resulted in the most restrictive experimental limit on the coupling constant of axions to photons. In the second phase, CAST is operating with a buffer gas inside the magnet pipes in order to extent the sensitivity of the experiment to higher axion masses. We will present the first results on the $^{4}{\rm He}$ data taking as well as the system upgrades that have been operated in the last year in order to adapt the experiment for the $^{3}{\rm He}$ data taking. Expected sensitivities on the coupling constant of axions to photons will be given for the recent $^{3}{\rm He}$ run just started in March 2008.Comment: Proceedings of the ICHEP 2008 conferenc

Search for low Energy solar Axions with CAST

We have started the development of a detector system, sensitive to single photons in the eV energy range, to be suitably coupled to one of the CAST magnet ports. This system should open to CAST a window on possible detection of low energy Axion Like Particles emitted by the sun. Preliminary tests have involved a cooled photomultiplier tube coupled to the CAST magnet via a Galileian telescope and a switched 40 m long optical fiber. This system has reached the limit background level of the detector alone in ideal conditions, and two solar tracking runs have been performed with it at CAST. Such a measurement has never been done before with an axion helioscope. We will present results from these runs and briefly discuss future detector developments.Comment: Paper submitted to the proceedings of the "4th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs", DESY, Hamburg Site - Germany, 18-21 June 2008. Author affiliations are reported on the title page of the paper. In version 2: 1 affiliation change, 3 references adde

A search for point sources of EeV photons

Measurements of air showers made using the hybrid technique developed with the fluorescence and surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory allow a sensitive search for point sources of EeV photons anywhere in the exposed sky. A multivariate analysis reduces the background of hadronic cosmic rays. The search is sensitive to a declination band from -85{\deg} to +20{\deg}, in an energy range from 10^17.3 eV to 10^18.5 eV. No photon point source has been detected. An upper limit on the photon flux has been derived for every direction. The mean value of the energy flux limit that results from this, assuming a photon spectral index of -2, is 0.06 eV cm^-2 s^-1, and no celestial direction exceeds 0.25 eV cm^-2 s^-1. These upper limits constrain scenarios in which EeV cosmic ray protons are emitted by non-transient sources in the Galaxy.Comment: 28 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa