ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION SHIELDING PROPERTIES OF COPPER CONTAINING ACTIVATED CARBON

It's proposed to modify the consist and electromagnetic radiation shielding properties of powdery activated carbon by the method of chemical deposition of copper clusters on the surface of fractions of such material. The choice of these element caused by it resistance to the environment conditions, which could determines the stability of the shielding properties of materials including of these elements. Regularities of electromagnetic radiation interaction with powdery activated carbon modified by the proposed method were researched. According to the results of this research it's established that electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient in frequency range 8…12 GHz of shields made with powdery activated carbon decreases from –2 to –14 dB after modification of such material consist.It's proposed to modify the consist and electromagnetic radiation shielding properties of powdery activated carbon by the method of chemical deposition of copper clusters on the surface of fractions of such material. The choice of these element caused by it resistance to the environment conditions, which could determines the stability of the shielding properties of materials including of these elements. Regularities of electromagnetic radiation interaction with powdery activated carbon modified by the proposed method were researched. According to the results of this research it's established that electromagnetic radiation reflection coefficient in frequency range 8…12 GHz of shields made with powdery activated carbon decreases from –2 to –14 dB after modification of such material consist

Fuzzy Logic Maximum Structure and State Feedback Control Strategies of the Electrical Car

AbstractThis paper treats the design and control of different models and control strategies for an Electric Vehicle (EV). An hybrid controller is designed using a fuzzy logic integrated in Maximum Control Structure (FL-MCS), the FL nonlinear controller involves online estimation of the total reference force which corresponds to a torque reference to be applied to MCS. The second proposed regulator is a states feedback controller using the Linear Quadratic Regulation (LQR) to optimise and to determine the feedback control parameters. The LQR allows reducing the consumption of the energy according to the desired EV's dynamic performances, these lasts can be changed depending on the choice of Q and R matrices. In this work, we apply and validate the proposed control strategies by a comparison between our simulation results and the results of the classical MCS, which has been developed by L2EP (Lille, France) to control the EV speed under Matlab/Simulink

Dietary effects of Algerian sodium bentonite on growth performance and biochemical parameters in broiler chickens

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementing poultry feed with graded levels of Algerian sodium bentonite (Na-B) on growth performance and the development of villus height in jejunum and some biochemical parameters during 50 days in broiler chickens. A number of 420 one-day old broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were obtained from a commercial hatchery. The birds were randomly allocated into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). The treatments were 0 (control), 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of Algerian Na-B levels. The results obtained indicate clearly that weight gain in the chickens fed treatments containing 4% Na-B had greater weight gain than the chickens fed different treatments (0, 1%, 2%, 3% and 5% Na-B). Feed conversion rate (FCR) was lower birds supplemented with Na-B 4% (2.45) than control group (3.06). Maximum feed consumption was observed in the birds’ control (5,655.3 g), while the lowest was noted in the chickens with diet added 4% Na-B (5,009.5 g) (p< 0.05). The weight of duodenum, jejunum and ileum was decreased for the Algerian Na-B supplemented group, compared with the control group. The villus height was affected by dietary treatments (1%, 2%, 3% and 5%) on days 18 and 50 (p< 0.05). Feeding the supplemented graded levels Na-B resulted in an increase in plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL concentrations at 50 days of age, compared with the control group. These results showed clearly that the Na-B from Algeria can improve the growth performance in broiler chickens. Thus, dietary inclusion of Na-B had positive effect on plasma triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL values in broiler chickens at the end experiment

Study of Radio Absorbing Properties of Layered Oxide and Carbon Containing Composite Materials

The regularities of changing of the values of electromagnetic radiation absorption coefficient of layered oxide and carbon containing composite materials and electromagnetic radiation absorption losses, provided by these ones, depending on this radiation frequency values, varying in the range from 0.7 to 142.8 GHz, have been established. The results of the experimental substantiation of the technique for such materials manufacturing have been presented by the authors in earlier published scientific papers. Based on the established regularities, it was determined that layered oxide and carbon containing composite materials absorb the energy of electromagnetic radiation, interacting with them, to the greatest extent if the frequency value of this radiation varies from 16.7 to 26.0 GHz and from 54.0 to 78.0 GHz. It was defined, that the studied materials are suitable for use to ensure the high accuracy and electromagnetic compatibility of microwave measuring equipment

HYBRID MAXIMUMCONTROL STRUCTUREUSING FUZZY LOGICOF ELECTRIC VEHICLE

This paper presents a Modelling of traction control system of an Electric Vehicle (EV) based on the Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) and the Maximum Control Structure (MCS). This last is using Fuzzy Logic Control(FLC) toinvert the EMR accumulation element for the control task. A developed combination of fuzzy control strategy with SMC combines the advantages of these two approaches and facilitates the inversion of the accumulation elements. In order to validate the simulation results, a comparison between the results obtained by MCS using IP controller which has already been developed by L2EP laboratory (Lille, France) and the presented MSC-FLC obtained by Matlab/Simulink software tool is include

Escherichia coli strains as Major secondary bacterial pathogen isolated from an outbreak of swollen head syndrome in layers, in Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq

A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the involvement of E. coli as a secondary pathogen in cases of Swollen Head infection and to detect drug susceptibility pattern of these isolates. This study was carried out on 20 chickens that were purchased from Al-Safaa Company from an outbreak of a sudden increase in mortality in layers farm and experienced clinical signs included difficult breath, coughing, rales, swollen of infraorbital and supraorbital sinuses, and conjunctivitis, as well as severe depression. The main gross lesions demonstrated among the infected chicken including gaseous exudate in the trachea, nasal passages, and sinuses. There was yellowish gaseous exudate on the air sacs, ovaries, and the peritoneum. The samples were inoculated on different bacteriological culture media, the isolates were identified by morphological, and biochemical tests, in which the result revealed that the major pathogens associated with the swollen head syndrome in layers were E.coli. The majority of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (94.4%), Ampicillin (100%), Erythromycin (100%), azithromycin (100%), trimethoprim (88.9%), and levofloxacin (94.4%). Nonetheless, however majority of APEC isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin (72.3%). Moreover, all E.coli strains recovered in the current study showed multidrug-resistant to three or more different antibacterial classes. In conclusion, the present findings showed that MDR E. coli is prevalent SHS. The MDR E. coli is an alarming signal because these bacteria can transfer their MDR trait to potential human and animal pathogens. Therefore, the introduction of surveillance programs to monitor antimicrobial resistance strains is strongly recommended to protect human and animal health

Charcoal- and Foil-Containing Materials for Radio Electronic Control Systems Protection from Electromagnetic Interferences

The paper presents new technique for fabrication of cost effective charcoal- and foil-containing materials, providing electromagnetic radiation energy attenuation. The materials, fabricated according to this technique, compared to the analogs, are characterized by the following three advantages: 1) wide-band property; 2) flexibility property; 3) decreased time expenses, which need for these materials fabrication

Development and study of multilayer electromagnetic radiation shields based on powdered oxide-containing materials

The electromagnetic shields in the form of two-layer structures, the surface layer of which was the composite material with filler based on powdered titanium dioxide, and the inner one was the composite material with filler based on iron oxide, have been developed. The electromagnetic radiation reflection and transmission characteristics of the developed shields have been studied in the frequency range 0.7-142.8 GHz depending on the content of their inner layers. It has been found that electromagnetic radiation reflection and transmission coefficient values in the frequency range 0.7-142.8 GHz of the developed shields are –4.0…–27.0 dB and –10.0…–40.0 dB respectively. It has been experimentally proved that by impregnating by the calcium chloride aqueous solution of the powdered material that is part of the inner layer of such shields, it is possible to reduce by 5.0...45.0 dB of their electromagnetic radiation transmission coefficient values in the frequency range 2.0...26.0 GHz

Systematic investigation of two-phase flow in special channels

A systematic study of two-phase (water-air) currents in open channels (water-air) has been conducted by means of experiments and numerical simulations. A dedicated device has been designed and manufactured on purpose. The numerical simulations have been based on the solution of a system of mass, momentum and energy balance equations for a two-phase fluid. The effect of different influential parameters has been explored, namely, velocity and dimensions of the channel, surface pressure and tensio