Influence of interface structure on electronic properties and Schottky barriers in Fe/GaAs magnetic junctions

The electronic and magnetic properties of Fe/GaAs(001) magnetic junctions are investigated using first-principles density-functional calculations. Abrupt and intermixed interfaces are considered, and the dependence of charge transfer, magnetization profiles, Schottky barrier heights, and spin polarization of densities of states on interface structure is studied. With As-termination, an abrupt interface with Fe is favored, while Ga-terminated GaAs favors the formation of an intermixed layer with Fe. The Schottky barrier heights are particularly sensitive to the abruptness of the interface. A significant density of states in the semiconducting gap arises from metal interface states. These spin-dependent interface states lead to a significant minority spin polarization of the density of states at the Fermi level that persists well into the semiconductor, providing a channel for the tunneling of minority spins through the Schottky barrier. These interface-induced gap states and their dependence on atomic structure at the interface are discussed in connection with potential spin-injection applications.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, to appear in PR

Sexual communal motivation in couples coping with low sexual interest/arousal: Associations with sexual well-being and sexual goals

Women coping with female sexual interest/arousal disorder (FSIAD) report lower sexual and relationship satisfaction compared to healthy controls. In community samples, high sexual communal strength (i.e., the motivation to meet a partner’s sexual needs) is associated with higher sexual desire and satisfaction, but high unmitigated sexual communion (i.e., the prioritization of a partner’s needs to the exclusion of one’s own needs) is associated with lower sexual satisfaction. People higher in sexual communal strength report engaging in sex for approach goals (i.e., to enhance intimacy in their relationship), but not for avoidance goals (i.e., to avert conflict or a partner’s disappointment) and this is one reason why they report greater sexual desire. In the current sample of 97 women diagnosed with FSIAD and their partners we investigated the association between sexual communal strength and unmitigated sexual communion and sexual well-being (i.e., sexual desire, sexual satisfaction and sexual distress) and sexual goals (i.e., approach and avoidance goals). Women who reported higher sexual communal strength were more likely to pursue sex for approach goals and their partner reported greater sexual satisfaction. When partners reported higher sexual communal strength, they reported higher sexual desire, but when they reported higher unmitigated sexual communion, they reported higher sexual distress. Additional associations emerged for couples who engage in sex more (compared to less) frequently. Our findings demonstrate that being motivated to meet a partner’s sexual needs is associated with greater sexual well-being for couples coping with FSIAD, but when this motivation involves neglecting one’s own needs, people do not report greater sexual well-being and instead, partners report higher sexual distress.York University Librarie

Anti-Semitism and the Early Printing Press: A Study of the Effect of the Printing Press on Jewish Expulsions in Germany, 1450-1520

At the end of the fifteenth century, the Holy Roman Empire saw a dramatic escalation in anti-Semitism that paved the way for one of the largest waves of Jewish expulsions in medieval history. The Jews were expelled from Endingen in 1470, Mainz in 1473, and following the case of Simon of Trent, the Trent Jews were banished in 1475 and the Jews of Pass au in 1479; by the end of the fifteenth century Mecklenburg, Magdeburg, Salzburg and Nuremberg had also succeeded in driving out their Jewish populations. This is only a sample of the cities that lost their Jewish communities on the eve of the Reformation, and almost all of them were a result of the ritual murder or Host desecration allegations that swept through the Holy Roman Empire in the fifteenth century. Since its occurrence, historians have attributed this widespread activity to a variety of causes, everything from the changing economic environment to the general religious upheaval in the decades preceding the Reformation. Many historians of this period in Jewish history mention in passing the invention of the printing press and the fact that this, as Salo Baron notes, stimulated the output of polemical pamphlets, biased storiettes, folksongs and ballads regarding the Jews, but no one goes beyond that kind of blanket statement. R. Po-Chia Hsia is one of the most active ritual murder historians in recent decades and he does, from time to time throughout his works, comment on the fact that print changed the ways that ideas were communicated. However, even he, as with many other historians in the field, has a tendency to leave that issue up to others to address. Unfortunately, the same tendency is also true of print historians who are prone to pass over the first seventy-five years of the printing press. As in Robert Scribner\u27s excellent study of Reformation propaganda, the period leading up to the Reformation is discussed only briefly. 3 The fact that the first printed products were syntheses of ideas previously presented in manuscripts is almost always taken to mean that the ideas contained within them are not worthy of further investigation. Especially with regard to printed material intended to reflect or even change popular sentiment regarding the Jews, there is virtually no scholarship on the period before Martin Luther. I intend to address this failing with a study of the effect of the printing press on the development of late medieval anti-Semitism, an exercise that will contribute greatly to the understanding of historians of both print culture and Judaism. I will do this by taking the perspective that the first printed documents had a much greater effect than previously acknowledged in deciding the fate of the Jews of Central Europe

Anti-Semitism and the Early Printing Press: A Study of the Effect of the Printing Press on Jewish Expulsions in Germany, 1450-1520

At the end of the fifteenth century, the Holy Roman Empire saw a dramatic escalation in anti-Semitism that paved the way for one of the largest waves of Jewish expulsions in medieval history. The Jews were expelled from Endingen in 1470, Mainz in 1473, and following the case of Simon of Trent, the Trent Jews were banished in 1475 and the Jews of Pass au in 1479; by the end of the fifteenth century Mecklenburg, Magdeburg, Salzburg and Nuremberg had also succeeded in driving out their Jewish populations. This is only a sample of the cities that lost their Jewish communities on the eve of the Reformation, and almost all of them were a result of the ritual murder or Host desecration allegations that swept through the Holy Roman Empire in the fifteenth century. Since its occurrence, historians have attributed this widespread activity to a variety of causes, everything from the changing economic environment to the general religious upheaval in the decades preceding the Reformation. Many historians of this period in Jewish history mention in passing the invention of the printing press and the fact that this, as Salo Baron notes, stimulated the output of polemical pamphlets, biased storiettes, folksongs and ballads regarding the Jews, but no one goes beyond that kind of blanket statement. R. Po-Chia Hsia is one of the most active ritual murder historians in recent decades and he does, from time to time throughout his works, comment on the fact that print changed the ways that ideas were communicated. However, even he, as with many other historians in the field, has a tendency to leave that issue up to others to address. Unfortunately, the same tendency is also true of print historians who are prone to pass over the first seventy-five years of the printing press. As in Robert Scribner\u27s excellent study of Reformation propaganda, the period leading up to the Reformation is discussed only briefly. 3 The fact that the first printed products were syntheses of ideas previously presented in manuscripts is almost always taken to mean that the ideas contained within them are not worthy of further investigation. Especially with regard to printed material intended to reflect or even change popular sentiment regarding the Jews, there is virtually no scholarship on the period before Martin Luther. I intend to address this failing with a study of the effect of the printing press on the development of late medieval anti-Semitism, an exercise that will contribute greatly to the understanding of historians of both print culture and Judaism. I will do this by taking the perspective that the first printed documents had a much greater effect than previously acknowledged in deciding the fate of the Jews of Central Europe

Book Review: \u3ci\u3eFractured Rebellion\u3c/i\u3e

In this groundbreaking book, Andrew Walder creates an orderly account of the events, discussions, and political currents that comprised the student movement in Beijing during the first two years of China’s Cultural Revolution. With meticulous attention to sequencing, he comprehends and brings meaning to a whirlwind of events often described as a vindictive political free-for-all, but which he shows, instead, to have been a structured series of rivalries

Book Review: \u3ci\u3eFractured Rebellion\u3c/i\u3e

In this groundbreaking book, Andrew Walder creates an orderly account of the events, discussions, and political currents that comprised the student movement in Beijing during the first two years of China’s Cultural Revolution. With meticulous attention to sequencing, he comprehends and brings meaning to a whirlwind of events often described as a vindictive political free-for-all, but which he shows, instead, to have been a structured series of rivalries

Every Milliliter Matters: A Quality Improvement Initiative for Postpartum Quantified Blood Loss

Problem: The microsystem for maternal-child healthcare in 2020 had 5.9% of deliveries progress to a postpartum hemorrhage. In 2021, the percentage of deliveries that progressed to a postpartum hemorrhage increased to 12.3%. The nearly two-fold increase in postpartum hemorrhage occurrence led to the creation of the Quality Improvement (QI) initiative to identify postpartum hemorrhage at an earlier stage. The QI initiative aims to extend the quantitative blood loss (QBL) measurement beyond labor and delivery, and support identification of postpartum hemorrhage in the postpartum period. Context: The microsystem that this quality improvement project occurred on were three postpartum units in a Bay Area Hospital. The microsystem was made up of postpartum nurses, antepartum nurses, nurse team leaders, nurse managers, nurse educators, obstetricians, anesthesiologists, nursing assistants, and unit clerks. The Bay Area Hospital averages approximately 4,500 births per year. QBL was initiated in the Bay Area Hospital’s labor and delivery unit in February 2021. Interventions: The quality improvement team implemented quantified blood loss (QBL) collection with a gravimetric scale (Triton scale) in the postpartum units to identify postpartum hemorrhage and improve notification time to the provider. The postpartum nurses collected QBL at the first two voids for vaginal deliveries and at four and eight hours for cesarean section deliveries. Daily EPIC electronic health records (EHRs) were audited to reinforce education. Measures: Staff surveying was conducted before implementation of the quality improvement project and after implementation with a mid-point survey. Education on Triton use was delivered to postpartum nurses in-person and through virtual modalities. Results: After the implementation of QBL in the postpartum units, 90% of postpartum nurses felt comfortable using the Triton scale to collect QBL. During the month of April 2022 in which chart audits were conducted, there was a significant decrease in the number of postpartum hemorrhages compared to April 2021. In addition, chart auditing revealed that 82.9% of the postpartum hemorrhages occurred in labor and delivery, while 17.1% of postpartum hemorrhages occur in postpartum. Conclusion: The quantification of blood loss is an evidence-based method to accurately collect cumulative postpartum blood loss and should be used for all postpartum patients and extend beyond the labor and delivery measurement of QBL to determine accurate information related to primary postpartum hemorrhage. In a Bay Area Hospital, the implementation of QBL was introduced in three postpartum units. Through and through education efforts allowed postpartum nurses to gain the confidence to properly collect QBL for all postpartum patients and identify the occurrence of postpartum hemorrhages that occur in the postpartum units

Precious

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