119 research outputs found
Attributions and Cognitive Closure: Stereotypes of Perpetrators and Victims of Child Sexual Abuse
Compared to low need for cognitive closure individuals, high need for cognitive closure individuals were expected to make the weakest causal and responsibility attributions about sexual abuse in dyads consisting of female adults and male adolescents compared to other dyads. To assess need for cognitive closure, 129 participants responded to 42 items on the Need for Cognitive Closure Scale utilizing a 5-point Likert scale. To assess attributions of perpetrator and victim dyads, these same participants responded to 12 items on an altered Relationship Attribution Measure utilizing a 5-point Likert scale. These hypotheses were only partially supported. Limitations of this study (e.g., using only self-report measures) and future directions (e.g., alter relationship between perpetrator and victim) for this research were also discussed
Qualitative Data Analysis: Comparison Between Traditional and Computerized Text Analysis
Most often quantitative data is used in the social sciences. Sometimes, however, researchers must use qualitative data for exploration. In a study on communication effectiveness we used both quantitative and qualitative data. After analyzing the quantitative data we used both a traditional text analysis and a computerized text analysis. Our aim in this paper is to discuss variance, or lack thereof, between outcomes utilizing traditional and computerized text analysis
Assessing physical literacy in health and physical education
© 2020 Australian Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. This paper utilises Bernstein\u27s theorising of curriculum and pedagogical relations to analyse Physical Literacy (PL) assessment with implications for the field of Health and/Physical Education (H/PE). It acknowledges the significance of assessment for what knowledge and skills are valued in PL and in turn, H/PE. PL takes different forms and is assessed in a range of ways. Bernstein\u27s concepts of classification and framing are used to analyse six PL assessment tools identified through a systematic review of literature. Findings suggest that current PL assessment tools mainly feature strong classification and framing, pointing towards enactment of PL that both tightens and narrows curriculum and pedagogic possibilities. Examples are also identified with weaker classification and framing. We conclude that PL and its assessment, could have a role to play in opening up the domains considered important for lifelong and life wide participation, across schooling and community, individually tailored to accommodate student ownership and voice. Or not
Managing informal sport participation: Tensions and opportunities
This article critically examines the role of informal sport within attempts to increase sport participation. Informal sport is a contested concept that government and non-government agencies are grappling with. In this article, the focus is on participation that is self-organised and not club based. The research reported reflects that at present, policy makers and practitioners have not seriously considered how informal sport may be positioned as a central facet in efforts to respond to participation objectives and associated health and social policy agendas. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with stakeholders responsible for promoting community sport participation in Victoria, Australia, the authors explore some of the tensions and challenges that stakeholders experience in supporting and managing informal sport. The findings indicate that current practices limit the potential of informal sport. Drawing on concepts from collaborative governance, the article concludes that changes to both culture and practices within sport development systems are required in order for stakeholders to harness the potential of informal participation
Artefacts and influence in curriculum policy enactment: Processes, products and policy work in curriculum reform
© The Author(s) 2020. Artefacts are an important part of policy work, and a means of representation, translation, re-negotiation, and resistance of policy. While research has established their integral role in policy enactment, little research has examined the production and/or dissemination of artefacts by teacher educators. This paper reports and analyses the production and re-production of a specific set of artefacts, arising from the policy work of four teacher educators seeking to influence the interpretation and enactment of the Australian Curriculum in Health and Physical Education (AC HPE). Analysis and discussion pursue: the rationale for producing a set of artefacts focusing on a particular feature of the AC HPE; the processes of artefact production; actions designed to activate and re-present the artefacts; and emerging evidence of uptake and impact. The relationship of artefacts to policy work is shown to be strategically significant for teacher educators, teachers and others invested in new curriculum developments, and is characterised as both fluid and generative. We argue that artefacts have important performative policy potential and play a key role in supporting and shaping curriculum policy enactment
Starling1: Swarm Technology Demonstration
The Starling series of demonstration missions will test technologies required to achieve affordable, distributed spacecraft (“swarm”) missions that: are scalable to at least 100 spacecraft for applications that include synchronized multipoint measurements; involve closely coordinated ensembles of two or more spacecraft operating as a single unit for interferometric, synthetic aperture, or similar sensor architectures; or use autonomous or semi-autonomous operation of multiple spacecraft functioning as a unit to achieve science or other mission objectives with low-cost small spacecraft. Starling1 will focus on developing technologies that enable scalability and deep space application. The mission goals include the demonstration of a Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) through an in-space communication experiment and vision based relative navigation through the Starling Formation-flying Optical eXperiment (StarFOX)
Informal sport and (non)belonging among Hazara migrants in Australia
Sport participation can offer migrants a modality to connect with dominant cultural norms and potentially foster interculturalism, yet it is often fraught with exclusion. Little is known about how informal sports that migrants have introduced into countries of resettlement affect their (non)belonging. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork over a 14-month period, this article examines how Hazara men’s involvement in the ethno-specific informal sport of sangarag influences their post-migration experiences of (non)belonging in Australia. The findings indicate that Hazara men’s construction of sangarag as a space and resource for belonging needs to be understood as a response to the challenging circumstances they experience in their settlement journeys. The overt and subtle politics of belonging that govern sangarag reinforce intra-group differentiations, most notably in relation to gender and ability. Further tensions stem from sangarag’s marginal status outside of the Australian sports system, leaving participants to feel unsupported and misrecognised by local institutions. Implications for policy include the need to recognise and support the value that informal sports can have for migrants’ ability to (re)claim a sense of belonging and wellbeing
Systematic Review of Economic Models Used to Compare Techniques for Detecting Peripheral Arterial Disease
Background and objective
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common condition, in which atherosclerotic narrowing in the arteries restricts blood supply to the leg muscles. In order to support future model-based economic evaluations comparing methods of diagnosis in this area, a systematic review of economic modelling studies was conducted.
Methods
A systematic literature review was performed in June 2017 to identify model-based economic evaluations of diagnostic tests to detect PAD, with six individual databases searched. The review was conducted in accordance with the methods outlined in the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination’s guidance for undertaking reviews in healthcare, and appropriate inclusion criteria were applied. Relevant data were extracted, and studies were quality assessed.
Results
Seven studies were included in the final review, all of which were published between 1995 and 2014. There was wide variation in the types of diagnostic test compared. The majority of the studies (six of seven) referenced the sources used to develop their model, and all studies stated and justified the structural assumptions. Reporting of the data within the included studies could have been improved. Only one identified study focused on the cost-effectiveness of a test typically used in primary care.
Conclusions
This review brings together all applied modelling methods for tests used in the diagnosis of PAD, which could be used to support future model-based economic evaluations in this field. The limited modelling work available on tests typically used for the detection of PAD in primary care, in particular, highlights the importance of future work in this area
Cross-clade simultaneous HIV drug resistance genotyping for reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase inhibitor mutations by Illumina MiSeq
Clinical and cost effectiveness of endoscopic bipolar radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction: a systematic review
BACKGROUND: Early evidence suggests that using radiofrequency ablation as an adjunct to standard care
(i.e. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting) may improve outcomes in patients
with malignant biliary obstruction. OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and potential risks of endoscopic
bipolar radiofrequency ablation for malignant biliary obstruction, and the value of future research. DATA SOURCES: Seven bibliographic databases, three websites and seven trials registers were searched
from 2008 until 21 January 2021. REVIEW METHODS: The study inclusion criteria were as follows: patients with biliary obstruction caused
by any form of unresectable malignancy; the intervention was reported as an endoscopic biliary
radiofrequency ablation to ablate malignant tissue that obstructs the bile or pancreatic ducts, either to
fit a stent (primary radiofrequency ablation) or to clear an obstructed stent (secondary radiofrequency
ablation); the primary outcomes were survival, quality of life or procedure-related adverse events; and
the study design was a controlled study, an observational study or a case report. Risk of bias was
assessed using Cochrane tools. The primary analysis was meta-analysis of the hazard ratio of mortality.
Subgroup analyses were planned according to the type of probe, the type of stent (i.e. metal or plastic)
and cancer type. A de novo Markov model was developed to model cost and quality-of-life outcomes
associated with radiofrequency ablation in patients with primary advanced bile duct cancer. Insufficient
data were available for pancreatic cancer and secondary bile duct cancer. An NHS and Personal Social
Services perspective was adopted for the analysis. A probabilistic analysis was conducted to estimate
the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for radiofrequency ablation and the probability that
radiofrequency ablation was cost-effective at different thresholds. The population expected value of
perfect information was estimated in total and for the effectiveness parameters. RESULTS: Sixty-eight studies (1742 patients) were included in the systematic review. Four studies
(336 participants) were combined in a meta-analysis, which showed that the pooled hazard ratio for
mortality following primary radiofrequency ablation compared with a stent-only control was 0.34
(95% confidence interval 0.21 to 0.55). Little evidence relating to the impact on quality of life was found. There was no evidence to suggest an increased risk of cholangitis or pancreatitis, but radiofrequency
ablation may be associated with an increase in cholecystitis. The results of the cost-effectiveness analysis
were that the costs of radiofrequency ablation was ÂŁ2659 and radiofrequency ablation produced
0.18 quality-adjusted life-years, which was more than no radiofrequency ablation on average. With an
incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of ÂŁ14,392 per quality-adjusted life-year, radiofrequency ablation
was likely to be cost-effective at a threshold of ÂŁ20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year across most
scenario analyses, with moderate uncertainty. The source of the vast majority of decision uncertainty
lay in the effect of radiofrequency ablation on stent patency. LIMITATIONS: Only 6 of 18 comparative studies contributed to the survival meta-analysis, and few data
were found concerning secondary radiofrequency ablation. The economic model and cost-effectiveness
meta-analysis required simplification because of data limitations. Inconsistencies in standard reporting
and study design were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Primary radiofrequency ablation increases survival and is likely to be cost-effective. The
evidence for the impact of secondary radiofrequency ablation on survival and of quality of life is limited.
There was a lack of robust clinical effectiveness data and, therefore, more information is needed for this
indication. FUTURE WORK:  Future work investigating radiofrequency ablation must collect quality-of-life data. Highquality randomised controlled trials in secondary radiofrequency ablation are needed, with appropriate
outcomes recorded. STUDY REGISTRATION: This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42020170233. FUNDING:  This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR)
Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology
Assessment; Vol. 27, No. 7. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information
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