The Effect of Different Types of Feedback on Learning of Aerobic Gymnastics Elements

The aim of our study was to discover the effect of different types of feedback in teaching/learning of difficulty elements of aerobic gymnastics. The study was designed as a one-group comparative interrupted time study. For this purpose, eight gymnasts competing in the national development category were selected (average age 9 ± 1.5 years; average sport age 4 ± 1.5 years). The design of the study included two intervention programs; each lasting 23 days interrupted by an 8-week break. In intervention program 1, the group practiced a straddle jump using self-modeling followed by verbal feedback, and in intervention program 2 the group practiced a split jump using expert modeling followed by verbal feedback. The experimental group practiced three times a week for a period of 30 min per usual training session (normally lasting 90 min). The results showed that the execution of the elements in both intervention programs improved at the 5% level of significance. In intervention program 1, we noted a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) in subphase approach and culmination. In intervention program 2, we noted a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) in culmination only. There was no significant difference between the changes of the final scores of the executed elements in intervention programs 1 and 2. Comparing the results of individual subphases, we noted no significant difference either

The Effect of Different Types of Feedback on Learning of Aerobic Gymnastics Elements

The aim of our study was to discover the effect of different types of feedback in teaching/learning of difficulty elements of aerobic gymnastics. The study was designed as a one-group comparative interrupted time study. For this purpose, eight gymnasts competing in the national development category were selected (average age 9 ± 1.5 years; average sport age 4 ± 1.5 years). The design of the study included two intervention programs; each lasting 23 days interrupted by an 8-week break. In intervention program 1, the group practiced a straddle jump using self-modeling followed by verbal feedback, and in intervention program 2 the group practiced a split jump using expert modeling followed by verbal feedback. The experimental group practiced three times a week for a period of 30 min per usual training session (normally lasting 90 min). The results showed that the execution of the elements in both intervention programs improved at the 5% level of significance. In intervention program 1, we noted a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) in subphase approach and culmination. In intervention program 2, we noted a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) in culmination only. There was no significant difference between the changes of the final scores of the executed elements in intervention programs 1 and 2. Comparing the results of individual subphases, we noted no significant difference either

3D-кінематичний аналіз сальто назад у акробатичному рок-н-ролі: практичний приклад

Background and Study Aim. The aim of the study was to determine and compare basic kinematic characteristics in the key phases of the acrobatic element Salto backward tucked. Material and Methods. The research sample was created from two couples of the acrobatic rock and roll category Main class free style. The time, spatial, and time-spatial characteristics for both couples were determined based on a three-dimensional kinematic analysis. Measurements were carried out with Simi Motion 3D. The acrobatic element Salto backward tucked was chosen based on the fact that it is usually learned as the first overturn acrobatic element with the airborne phase. Results. In the time duration of the acrobatic element, a very similar duration was observed for both couples  (CZ couple: 3.59 s and SK couple 3.55 s). The maximal height of the center of gravity the partner from the Czech Republic reach 3.54 m and partner from the Slovak Republic 3.35 m. The biggest difference noticed was between the male partners 14.59° in knee angle in the staff phase. Among the female partners, a difference was noted in the angle  between the torso and the vertical plane at the moment of the end of the vertical displacement, when SK female partner has twice as much deviation of the torso, by exactly 19.49°. In the staff phase, differences in acceleration were also observed, when the male partner (16.56 m.s-2) and female partner (25.08 m.s-2) from the Slovak Republic achieved higher maximum acceleration. In the airborne phase was the biggest difference between female partners in the culmination point, namely in the angle in the knee joint (35.98°) and the angle between the torso in the vertical plane at the moment of opening the somersault (25.52°). Conclusions. The findings showed similarities and differences in various aspects of the performance, providing valuable insights into the kinematic structure of this acrobatic element in acrobatic rock and roll. Our study should contribute to the extension of knowledge of the kinematic structure of acrobatic element in acrobatic rock and roll.Передумови та мета дослідження. Метою дослідження було визначення та порівняння основних кінематичних характеристик в ключових фазах виконання акробатичних елементів «Сальто назад».Матеріал і методи. Дослідницька вибірка була створена з двох пар акробатичний рок-н-рол категорії Основний клас вільний стиль. Часові, просторові та часо-просторові характеристики для обох пар визначали на основі тривимірного кінематичного аналізу. Вимірювання проводилися за допомогою Simi Motion 3D. Акробатичний елемент «Сальто назад» було обрано з огляду на те, що він зазвичай вивчається як перший акробатичний елемент «перекидання» з фазою «висання».Результати. У часовій тривалості акробатичних елементів спостерігалася дуже схожа тривалість для обох пар (пара CZ: 3,59 с і пара SK 3,55 с). Максимальна висота центру ваги партнера з Чехії досягає 3,54 м, а партнера зі Словаччини 3,35 м. Найбільша різниця була помічена між чоловіками-партнерами 14,59° у куті колін у фазі палиці. Серед партнерок відмічено різницю в куті між тулубом і вертикальною площиною в момент закінчення вертикального зміщення, коли партнерка SK має вдвічі більше відхилення тулуба, рівно на 19,49°. У стадії також спостерігалися відмінності в прискоренні, коли партнер (16,56 м.с-2) і партнерка (25,08 м.с-2) зі Словацької Республіки досягли більшого максимального прискорення. У повітряно-десантній фазі найбільша різниця між партнерками була в кульмінаційній точці, а саме в куті в колінному суглобі (35,98°) та куті між тулубом у вертикальній площині в момент відкриття сальто (25,52°).Висновки. Результати показали схожість і відмінності в різних аспектах виконання, надаючи цінну інформацію про кінематичну структуру цього акробатичного елемента в акробатичному рок-н-ролі. Наше дослідження має сприяти розширенню знань про кінематичну структуру акробатичного елемента в акробатичному рок-н-ролі

Anthropometric and Cardiovascular Variables of Elite Athletes

Synchronized swimming and aerobic gymnastics are competitive sports that have grown in popularity throughout the Slovakia and around the world. Unfortunately, a paucity of research exists either on anthropometric and physiological characteristics or physical benefits of these sports. The present study examined anthropometric and cardiovascular characteristics of control group - CO (n = 10) in comparison to competitive synchronized swimmers - SS (n = 11) and aerobic gymnasts - AG (n = 10) between the ages of 13 and 25 years. The physical measures were assessed per the protocols in the following order: height (BH), weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), and % body fat (% BF). The measurements of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and maximum heart rate (HRmax) were examined by spiroergometry via COSMED K4b2. All measurements were collected by trained data collection staff. An analysis of variance (Kruskal - Wallis) with a Mann-Whitney U test for the significant effect among the three groups showed that aerobic gymnasts were taller than synchronized swimmers and control group (p = .02). Training and conditioning requirements specific for the two athletic groups caused that AG and SS have higher level of VO2max (p = .02) and VO2max.kg-1 (p = .00), and also lower level of the body weight (p= .01), BMI (p = .01) and the % BF (p = .00). These findings confirm that selected parameters are considered the bases for success in elite sports. This information could also help to design specific training and evaluate the adaptation to training stimuli with the aim to maximize sport performance

Effect Of Single And Short-Term Aerobics On Selected Mental State Parametres In Adult Females

The aim of the study was to determine the degree of the influence of aerobic program on mental state of the trainees after a single and short-term application. We tried to find out the positive effects of an aerobics on the selected parameters of mental state of women that performed aerobics recreationally. Twenty-two healthy women (age 35 ± 5 years) were involved in the specific aerobic program with mini trampolines (jumping) over the period of 5 weeks. To measure the psychological parameters a modified questionnaire of type X-STAI was distributed before and after the single work out at the beginning of the study and after the 5 weeks period. Chi-quadrat analysis was used to evaluate the data. The greatest and statistically the most significant differences were recorded in the parameters ´enthusiastic´, ´boosted by energy´ and ´relaxed´, in comparison with the emotions at the beginning and at the end of the lesson in initial measuring. Comparison of changes after the 5 weeks period at the beginning and at the end of the lesson shows statistical significance in all parameters, except ´tired´. No statistical changes occurred at either the beginning or the end of the lesson comparing initial and final phases. Based on the results, we can conclude that specialized aerobic training provokes immediate changes in psychological state of the trainees via increase of their positive and decrease of negative emotions right after the lesson and when compared to its beginning. This leads to a better mental stability and a greater resistance to the influences of outer environment on mental state