5 research outputs found

    School Bullying - An Inclusive Definition (UNESCO)

    No full text
    James O'Higgins Norman, Christian Berger, Donna Cross, Elizabethe Payne, Dorte Marie Søndergaard, Shoko Yoneyama, Christopher Donoghue, Dorothy Espelage, Peter Smith, Izabela Zych, Yong Feng Liu, Claudia Cappa, Magnus Loftsson, Frida War

    UNESCO School Bullying - An Inclusive Definition

    No full text
    In June 2023, the Working Group, meeting at UNESCO in Paris, agreed a final revised definition of school bullying. This document presents the revised definition of school bullying, based on the recommendations made by the Working Group convened by UNESCO and WABF in 2021 and expanded in 2022. The new definition was presented to delegates at the World Anti-Bullying Forum when it met in Raleigh, North Carolina in October 2023. The document explains what is different in the proposed new definition and why, and it describes some of the implications of using this new definition for bullying prevention policies and programmes. It is hoped that this revised definition of school bullying will contribute to opening a new chapter in the global conversation on the nature of bullying and cyberbullying and how best to respond to these phenomena.James O, Higgins Norman, Christian Berger, Donna Cross, Elizabethe Payne, Dorte Marie Søndergaard, Shoko Yoneyama, Christopher Donoghue, Dorothy Espelage, Peter Smith, Izabela Zych, Yong Feng Liu, Claudia Cappa, Magnus Loftsson, Frida War

    Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis

    No full text

    Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

    No full text
    Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods: In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results: Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89·6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60·6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0·17, 95 per cent c.i. 0·14 to 0·21, P < 0·001) or low (363 of 860, 42·2 per cent; OR 0·08, 0·07 to 0·10, P < 0·001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -9·4 (95 per cent c.i. -11·9 to -6·9) per cent; P < 0·001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+12·1 (+7·0 to +17·3) per cent; P < 0·001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0·60, 0·50 to 0·73; P < 0·001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion: Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries
    corecore