Arterial microanatomy determines the success of energy-based renal denervation in controlling hypertension

Renal denervation (RDN) is a treatment option for patients with hypertension resistant to conventional therapy. Clinical trials have demonstrated variable benefit. To understand the determinants of successful clinical response to this treatment, we integrated porcine and computational models of intravascular radiofrequency RDN. Controlled single-electrode denervation resulted in ablation zone geometries that varied in arc, area, and depth, depending on the composition of the adjacent tissue substructure. Computational simulations predicted that delivered power density was influenced by tissue substructure, and peaked at the conductivity discontinuities between soft fatty adventitia and water-rich tissues (media, lymph nodes, etc.), not at the electrode-tissue interface. Electrode irrigation protected arterial wall tissue adjacent to the electrode by clearing heat that diffuses from within the tissue, without altering periarterial ablation. Seven days after multielectrode treatments, renal norepinephrine and blood pressure were reduced. Blood pressure reductions were correlated with the size-weighted number of degenerative nerves, implying that the effectiveness of the treatment in decreasing hypertension depends on the extent of nerve injury and ablation, which in turn are determined by the tissue microanatomy at the electrode site. These results may explain the variable patient response to RDN and suggest a path to more robust outcomes.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH grant R01 GM-49039

Mental health support for children and adolescents with hearing loss: scoping review

BackgroundChildren with hearing loss are at increased risk of mental health conditions, including behavioural problems, but there is limited evidence about available mental health support.AimsWe aimed to map the evidence on mental health support for children and adolescents with hearing loss.MethodMedline, Embase, PsycINFO and grey literature databases were searched until April 2021. Articles of any study design were eligible if they described an intervention supporting the mental health of children with hearing loss. No restrictions were placed on geography or publication date. Four reviewers independently screened results by title, abstract and full text. Study characteristics and outcome data were extracted, with results narratively synthesised.ResultsFrom 5629 search results, 27 articles were included. A large majority of the studies (81%, n = 22) were from high-income settings, with two-thirds (67%, n = 18) conducted in the USA. Less than half (41%, n = 11) of the articles adopted experimental research designs, and the majority of studies included small samples. The interventions presented were diverse, with the majority either therapy based (30%, n = 8) or skills training (30%, n = 8). Interventions included ice-skating, parent–child interaction therapy and resilience training. When measured, interventions demonstrated at least some evidence of effectiveness, although this was not always assessed with gold-standard methodology.ConclusionsThe evidence is lacking in breadth, study quality and geographical spread. That said, what is available indicates a range of effective approaches to support the mental health of children with hearing loss. Additional research is needed to improve the breadth of evidence on mental health support for this population.</jats:sec

Measurement of proton proton elastic scattering in pure initial spin states at 11.75 GeV/c

The elastic cross section for proton proton scattering at 11.75 GeV/c was measured at the Argonne ZGS using a 50% polarized target. In the range p[perpendicular]2=0.6 --&gt; 2.2 (GeV/c)2 we obtained precise measurements of d[sigma]/dt(ij) for the [two upwards arrow] [two down arrows], and [up and down arrow]; initial spin states perpendicular to the scattering plane. We confirmed that the asymmetry parameter, A, decreases with energy in the diffraction peak, but is approximately energy-independent at large p[perpendicular]2. We found that the spin correlation parameter cnn acquires rather dramatic structure, and at large p[perpendicular]2 seems to grow with energy.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21719/1/0000111.pd

Simultaneous measurement of 2 and 3 spins in proton proton elastic scattering at 6 GeV/c

The elastic cross section for proton proton scattering at 6 GeV/c was measured using a 70% polarized beam and a 75% polarized target at the Argonne ZGS. In the range P[perpendicular]2 = 0.5 --> 2.0(GeV/c)2 we obtained small error measurements for the [short up arrow][short up arrow], [downwards arrow][downwards arrow] and [short up arrow][downwards arrow] initial spin states perpendicular to the scattering plane. At P[perpendicular]2 = 0.5 we also measured the recoil spin and found that the 5 different cross sections were very unequal.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22271/1/0000710.pd

Beyond gender diversity: How specific attributes of female directors affect earnings management

We apply the system GMM regression estimation approach to a matched sample of French firms listed on Euronext Paris during the period 2001–2010 in order to investigate the relationship between female directors and earnings management by considering their specific (statutory and demographic) attributes. We first find that the presence of female directors deters managers from managing earnings. However, this finding does not hold when the statutory and demographic attributes of female directors are taken into account, thus showing that the detection and the correction of earnings management require particular competencies and skills. Interestingly, we find that business expertise and audit committee membership are key attributes of female directors that promote the effective monitoring of earnings management. An important implication of our findings is that the decision to appoint women on corporate boards should be based more on their statutory and demographic attributes than on blind implementation of gender quotas. Finally, our supplementary analysis reveals that female CEOs and CFOs are strongly inclined to reduce earnings management

Experimental study of the reaction He3 ([v], [pi+])H3 up to 260 MeV

The differential cross section for the, reaction He3(y,n+)H3 was measured for photon energies of 180 to/260 MeV (momentum transfer 1.2 F-1 to 1.9 F-1). A target of gaseous He at 20.4 K and approximately one atmosphere preesure was irradiated by a 270 MeV bremsstrahlung x-ray beam. The reaction was obserVed by detecting , ' ' + 3 " . ,n .. H coinciq.ences. The counter telescopes consisted ()f seven plastic scintillators for the pions and four tl'ansmiss10ntype semiconduc1;or detectors for the tritons. Pulses froln the 'semiconductor detectors and the scintillators were displayed on a dual beam oscilloscope -.nd photographed. E and dE/dx relations were used for 'particle identification. Tritons with enere;ies between 9.7 and 24.5 MeV were observed at laboratory angles of 260,300, 350, and 400• '0 At 26 the cross sections in the center of mass system ranged from 2.55 !. 0.34 ~b/ster to 0.78 ±. 0.16~b/ster, decreasing with increasing photon ,energy. An impulse approximation calculation was performed to relate the cross section to the matter form factor of the 3-nucleon system under the assumption of 'identical wave functions for He3 and H3, Values for the matter form factor 'obtained using this relation and the cross sections of this experiment were found to lie below the values obtained from the results of electron scattering experiments. Several plausible arguments may be presented to explain this discrepancy. Under the condition of proximity of two nucleons, which depends on the internal momentum distribution, phase space considerations (Wilson model) lavor two nucleon ejection over free pion production. Pions may be scattered or absorbed before they escape the nucleus. Alterpatively, the pion production amplitude may have a many-body aspect; that is, 'it _y depend on the coordinates of more than one nucleon.U of I OnlyThesi

Experimental Study of the Reaction Helium-3(gamma,positive Pion)triton Up to 260 Mev

97 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1965.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Experimental Study of the Reaction Helium-3(gamma,positive Pion)triton Up to 260 Mev

97 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1965.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Neutron-nuclei total cross sections at 27 GeV/c

The total cross sections for 27 GeV/c neutrons on eight heavy elements, Be through U, has been measured and found to obey the empirical relationship [sigma]T = 48A0.75mb.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33126/1/0000512.pd