"Sparse and Multiple Traces": The Literacy Practices of African-American Pioneers in the Nineteenth Century Frontier

Article is included in an edited volume based on papers presented at a conference held at the Finnish Literature Society and the University of Helsinki, August 20-22, 2014.The Beech Settlement in central Indiana was one of several communities of African Americans that flourished in the nineteenth century. This settlement was unique in that its settlers, led by a core of highly literate individuals, organized a circulating library. The circulation records and meeting minutes of the Board of Directors survive, as well as a list of some of the books that were held in the library. This article examines the surviving documents and other primary materials to portray a community of readers, writers, orators, and educators, who, although denied legal access to education until their migration, had learned to read and write, and had developed the skills to create a thriving community of readers.Reading and Writing from Below: Toward a New Social History of Literacy in the Nordic Sphere during the Long Nineteenth Century (NORDCORP, 2011-2014

Mt. Pleasant Library: Reading among African Americans in 19th Century Rush County

In frontier Indiana, beginning in the 1820s, several settlements of free African Americans grew and flourished. Many of the settlers came from Virginia and North Carolina, where earlier settlers, many of them Quakers, had originated. One of those settlements, called the Beech Settlement, developed in Rush County, Indiana, from the late 1820’s. Like other African Americans in antebellum U.S., the settlers of the Beech were anxious to educate themselves and their children. Indeed, the lack of access to education in the South was an important motivation for migration. Despite the difficulties and hard work of creating farms on the frontier, they early on established schools and churches in their communities. Further, the residents of the Beech went beyond teaching and organized a library that was organized, maintained, and used during the years 1842-1869. This article aims to create a portrait of a community of mid-19th century rural African American readers and users of their community library

Dutiful Daughters: an exploration of kinship politics through Park Geun-hye and Keiko Fujimori

HonorsInternational StudiesUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162650/1/mmobryan.pd

The history and diplomacy of the acquisition of Florida

This item was digitized by the Internet Archive. Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

FACTORS AFFECTING EFFICIENCY OF FEEDER CATTLE HEDGING IN KENTUCKY

Livestock Production/Industries,

Protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of Shp2 inhibits its phosphatase activity and modulates ligand specificity.

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy (an increase in cardiac mass resulting from stress-induced cardiac myocyte growth) is a major factor underlying heart failure. Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase (Shp2) is critical for cardiac function as mutations resulting in loss of Shp2 catalytic activity are associated with congenital cardiac defects and hypertrophy. We have identified a novel mechanism of Shp2 inhibition that may promote cardiac hypertrophy. We demonstrate that Shp2 is a component of the A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)-Lbc complex. AKAP-Lbc facilitates protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation of Shp2, which inhibits Shp2 phosphatase activity. We have identified two key amino acids in Shp2 that are phosphorylated by PKA: Thr73 contributes a helix-cap to helix αB within the N-terminal SH2 domain of Shp2, whereas Ser189 occupies an equivalent position within the C-terminal SH2 domain. Utilizing double mutant PKA phospho-deficient (T73A/S189A) and phospho-mimetic (T73D/S189D) constructs, in vitro binding assays, and phosphatase activity assays, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of these residues disrupts Shp2 interaction with tyrosine-phosphorylated ligands and inhibits its protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. Overall, our data indicate that AKAP-Lbc integrates PKA and Shp2 signaling in the heart and that AKAP-Lbc-associated Shp2 activity is reduced in hypertrophic hearts in response to chronic β-adrenergic stimulation and PKA activation. Thus, while induction of cardiac hypertrophy is a multifaceted process, inhibition of Shp2 activity through AKAP-Lbc-anchored PKA is a previously unrecognized mechanism that may promote this compensatory response

Compatibility of theta13 and the Type I Seesaw Model with A4 Symmetry

We derive formulae for neutrino masses and mixing angles in a type I seesaw framework with an underlying A4 flavor symmetry. In particular, the Majorana neutrino mass matrix includes contributions from an A4 triplet, 1, 1', and 1" flavon fields. Using these formulae, we constrain the general A4 parameter space using the updated global fits on neutrino mixing angles and mass squared differences, including results from the Daya Bay and RENO experiments, and we find predictive relations among the mixing parameters for certain choices of the triplet vacuum expectation value. In the normal hierarchy case, sizable deviation from maximal atmospheric mixing is predicted, and such deviation is strongly correlated with the value of theta13 in the range of ~ (8-10) degrees. On the other hand, such deviation is negligible and insensitive to theta13 in the inverted mass hierarchy case. We also show expectations for the Dirac CP phase resulting from the parameter scan. Future refined measurements of neutrino mixing angles will test these predicted correlations and potentially show evidence for particular triplet vev patterns.Comment: 22 Pages, 3 Figures; v2: version to appear in JHE