15 research outputs found
Effect of long-term heat stress on production, egg quality and physiological traits in four experimental lines of layers differing in heat tolerance and feed efficiency
International audienc
Assessment of surface temperature variation under chronic high temperature in four experimental layer chicken lines differing for heat resistance and feed efficiency traits
Assessment of surface temperature variation under chronic high temperature in four experimental layer chicken lines differing for heat resistance and feed efficiency traits. 10. European Symposium on Poultry Genetics (ESPG
Effects of cold embryo acclimation for improving adaptive capacities in meat-type chicken
Importance de la premiĂšre semaine d'Ă©levage en production avicole de chair
International audienc
Effets dâune acclimatation embryonnaire au froid visant Ă amĂ©liorer les capacitĂ©s dâadaptation du poulet de chair
It is possible to improve poultry adaptability to variations in ambient temperature by changing egg incubationconditions. Our goal is to improve broiler adaptation to cold environment and achieve a multi-level evaluation ofthe cold incubation technique in different subsequent starting conditions. In a first 21-day study in cages, weidentified the experimental conditions favouring robustness and hatchability without reducing performance. Theincubation conditions tested were a control incubation (IT at constant temperature), incubation with two briefexposures to 15°C at the end of incubation (IF1) or incubation with cyclic declines by 1°C from day 10 to 18 ofembryogenesis (IF2). Chickens were then exposed to standard rearing conditions control ET) or to day/nightvariations in room temperature (EFC cyclical cold rearing), or to continuously cooler ambient temperaturesrequiring adaptation (cold rearing EF). A 2nd experiment crossing incubations IT and IF1 and rearing conditionsET and EF was then conducted in floor pens until 40 days. In our conditions, the "cold" incubation techniquesdid not penalize hatchability of eggs. In cages, in females only, the IF2 incubation treatment degraded feedefficiency while IF1 did not alter growth. Our experiments suggest positive effects of cold incubation and coldrearing on performance in males but show negative interactions between both thermal treatments on a parameterof animal welfare and a meat quality defect. Postnatal cooler rearing could be interesting to limit environmentalimpact if litter moisture is well controlled through ventilation. This multicriterion analysis remains to becompleted to evaluate these perinatal techniques according to the three pillars of sustainability, includingeconomic, social and environmental impacts.Il est possible dâamĂ©liorer les capacitĂ©s dâadaptation des volailles aux variations de tempĂ©rature ambiante enmodifiant les conditions dâincubation des oeufs. Notre objectif est de rendre les poulets de chair plus adaptables Ă un environnement froid. Pour cela, nous avons testĂ© les consĂ©quences de diffĂ©rentes conditions dâincubation sur la croissance de poulets Ă©levĂ©s au dĂ©marrage Ă diffĂ©rentes tempĂ©ratures ambiantes (Exp. 1), puis nous avons sĂ©lectionnĂ© des conditions discriminantes pour rĂ©aliser une Ă©valuation multicritĂšre de la technique dâincubation au froid. Dans lâexpĂ©rience 1 menĂ©e pendant 21 jours en cage, les conditions dâincubation testĂ©es sont une incubation tĂ©moin (IT, tempĂ©rature constante), une incubation avec deux expositions brĂšves Ă 15°C en fin dâincubation (IF1) ou une incubation avec des diminutions cycliques de 1°C des jours 10 Ă 18 dâincubation (IF2). Les poulets sont ensuite exposĂ©s Ă des conditions dâĂ©levage standard (tĂ©moin ET), soit Ă des tempĂ©ratures ambiantes continĂ»ment plus fraĂźches nĂ©cessitant une adaptation (Elevage froid EF), soit Ă des variations jour/nuit de tempĂ©rature ambiante (Elevage froid cyclique EFC). Les incubations IT et IF1 et les conditions dâĂ©levage ET et EF sont Ă©tĂ© retenues pour lâexp.2 menĂ©e au sol jusquâĂ 40 jours, entre autres car chez les femelles, le traitement dâincubation IF2 dĂ©grade lâindice de consommation tandis que le traitement IF1 nâest pas dĂ©favorable pour la croissance. Nos expĂ©rimentations suggĂšrent des effets positifs de lâacclimatation embryonnaire au froid et de lâĂ©levage au froid sur le poids Ă J40 mais elles mettent en Ă©vidence des interactions nĂ©gatives sur lâoccurrence des pododermatites et des stries blanches de la viande. Les conditions de froid postnatal pourraient ĂȘtre intĂ©ressantes pour limiter lâimpact environnemental de lâĂ©levage, mais nĂ©cessitent de contrĂŽler lâhumiditĂ© des litiĂšres et de ventilation du bĂątiment. Cette Ă©tude multicritĂšre doit maintenant ĂȘtre complĂ©tĂ©e pour rĂ©aliser lâĂ©valuation de ces techniques dâĂ©levage pĂ©rinatales selon les 3 piliers de la durabilitĂ©, câest-Ă -dire les piliers Ă©conomique, social et environnemental
Multicriterion analysis of embryo acclimation techniques aiming at improving adaptive capacities in broiler chickens
Epigenetics for heat tolerance
Epigenetics for heat tolerance. Symposium CERSA Poultry Production under ho and humid climate condition
Short cold exposures during incubation and postnatal cold temperature affect performance, breast meat quality, and welfare parameters in broiler chickens
International audienceCold stimulations during egg incubation were reported to limit the occurrence of ascites in broilers subjected to cold temperature after 14 d of age. However, data are lacking on the impacts of such strategy in case of cold temperature conditions at start. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incubation and posthatch cold challenge on performance, breast muscle integrity, and meat processing quality in broiler chickens. Ross 308 eggs were incubated under control temperature (I0, 37.6°C) or subjected to 15°C during 30 min on day 18 and 19 of incubation (I1). Chicks from each group were reared in floor pens either at standard rearing temperature (T0), from 32°C at 0 d to 21°C at 21 d of age, or exposed to colder rearing temperature (T1), from 29°C at 0 to 21°C at 21 d of age. All birds were then kept at 21°C until slaughter (day 40), when body weights (BW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), breast muscle yield, meat processing quality, and the occurrences of meat defects, hock burns, and pododermatitis were recorded. No significant impact of incubation conditions on hatchability was observed. At day 40, BW was more under T1 than under T0 conditions, with T0 females (but not males) presenting more BW after I1 than after I0 conditions. In the whole period, T1 chickens presented lower FCR than T0 chickens and higher breast meat yields at day 40. The occurrence of white striping was more in I1T1 males than in all other groups, except for the I0T1 males. Hock burns were more frequent in I1T1 males than in all females and I0T0 males, whereas the occurrence of pododermatitis was lower in T0 males than in other groups. Despite some positive effects of I1 incubation on growth after starting under low ambient temperature, this study reveals the limits of such strategy concerning chicken health and welfare, demonstrating that early thermal environment is a major component of the quality and sustainability of chicken meat production
Evaluation of new incubation strategies to increase the sustainability of broiler production in the context of climate change
In the past decades the genetic selection of fast-growing broilers has resulted in large improvements of grouwth and feed efficiency. However, thsi progress led to an increased sensivity of broilers to their environment. Average global temperature is expected to increase with higher variability and higher environmental impacts. Thus, the challenge is to develop and evaluate new strategies and technologies to improve broiler robustness without reducing flock performances
Sustainability of broiler production in the context of climate change - Evaluation of new incubation strategies
National audienc