A Non-Principal Value Prescription for the Temporal Gauge

A non-principal value prescription is used to define the spurious singularities of Yang-Mills theory in the temporal gauge. Typical one-loop dimensionally-regularized temporal-gauge integrals in the prescription are explicitly calculated, and a regularization for the spurious gauge divergences is introduced. The divergent part of the one-loop self-energy is shown to be local and has the same form as that in the spatial axial gauge with the principal-value prescription. The renormalization of the theory is also briefly mentioned.Comment: 13 pages, NCKU-HEP/93-0

The UL(3)×UR(3)U_L(3) \times U_R(3) Extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio Model in Differential Regularization

We employ the method of differential regularization to calculate explicitly the one-loop effective action of a bosonized $U_L(3)\times U_R(3)$ extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model consisting of scalar, pseudoscalar, vector and axial vector fields.Comment: LaTeX, 17 page

Asymmetric synthesis of amino acids via glycine enolates, The

1991 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.The enolates derived from the optically active D-e rythro-4- (tertbutyloxycarbonyl)-5,6-di phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-4H-1,4-oxazin-2-one (166a) and D- and L-erythro-4-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-5,6-diphenyl-2,3,5,6- tetrahydro-4H-1,4-oxazin-2-ones (167a/b) efficiently couple with alkyl halides to afford the corresponding anti-α-monosubstituted oxazinones. The enolate alkylation of the a-monosubstituted oxazinones provides the corresponding α-disubstituted oxazinones. Dissolving-metal reduction of the homologated oxazinones allows the direct preparation of t-BOC protected α-amino acids. In the case of dissolving metal-reducible functionality, hydrogenation over a Pd° catalyst furnishes the zwitterionic amino acids. By employing this protocol the syntheses of complex amino acids such as 2-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)amino-6-(p-methoxybenzyI)thionohexanoic acid and 2,6-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpimelic acid are discussed

Balanced Encoding of Near-Zero Correlation for an AES Implementation

Power analysis poses a significant threat to the security of cryptographic algorithms, as it can be leveraged to recover secret keys. While various software-based countermeasures exist to mitigate this non-invasive attack, they often involve a trade-off between time and space constraints. Techniques such as masking and shuffling, while effective, can noticeably impact execution speed and rely heavily on run-time random number generators. On the contrary, internally encoded implementations of block ciphers offer an alternative approach that does not rely on run-time random sources, but it comes with the drawback of requiring substantial memory space to accommodate lookup tables. Internal encoding, commonly employed in white-box cryptography, suffers from a security limitation as it does not effectively protect the secret key against statistical analysis. To overcome this weakness, this paper introduces a secure internal encoding method for an AES implementation. By addressing the root cause of vulnerabilities found in previous encoding methods, we propose a balanced encoding technique that aims to minimize the problematic correlation with key-dependent intermediate values. We analyze the potential weaknesses associated with the balanced encoding and present a method that utilizes complementary sets of lookup tables. In this approach, the size of the lookup tables is approximately 512KB, and the number of table lookups is 1,024. This is comparable to the table size of non-protected white-box AES-128 implementations, while requiring only half the number of lookups. By adopting this method, our aim is to introduce a non-masking technique that mitigates the vulnerability to statistical analysis present in current internally-encoded AES implementations.Comment: 36 pages, 17 figures, submitte

The Pole Part of the 1PI Four-Point Function in Light-Cone Gauge Yang-Mills Theory

The complete UV-divergent contribution to the one-loop 1PI four-point function of Yang-Mills theory in the light-cone gauge is computed in this paper. The formidable UV-divergent contributions arising from each four-point Feynman diagram yield a succinct final result which contains nonlocal terms as expected. These nonlocal contributions are consistent with gauge symmetry, and correspond to a nonlocal renormalization of the wave function. Renormalization of Yang-Mills theory in the light-cone gauge is thus shown explicitly at the one-loop level.Comment: 35 pages, 18 figures. To be published in Nuc. Phys.