Aktivitas Antikanker Ekstrak Daun Aglaia elliptica Blume pada Tikus Betina yang Diinduksi 7,12 dimethylbenz[a] antracene

Aglaia elliptica Blume is one of plants that contain cyclopenta[b] tetrahydrobenzofuran compound with strong cytotoxic effect on various types of cancer cell lines. The objective of this study is to determine the inhibition effect of ethanol extract of A. elliptica leaves on mammary tumor growth in Sprague Dawley female rats induced by 7.12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). The study was conducted with induction of 50 female rats with DMBA at a dose of 20 mg/kg orally for 11 times. Twenty-five female rats suffering mammary tumor were divided into 5 groups. Three groups were treated with ethanol extract at a dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/200 g BW one day after the tumor appeared for 30 days, 1 group as a negative control and 1 group as a positive control (doxorubicin 2 μg/200 g BW). The results showed that the induction of DMBA resulting tumor incidence by 74% and tumor multiplicity of 2 nodules/rat. Histopathological analysis of mammary tumor, suggested that the carcinogenesis has reached the level of ductal carcinoma invasive (DCIV). The administration of ethanol extract at dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/200 g BW suppressed the growth of mammary tumor volume by 30 %, 33.5% and 37.4%, respectively.Aglaia elliptica Blume adalah tanaman dari suku Meliacecae yang mengandung senyawa cyclopenta[b]tetrahydrobenzofuran dengan efek sitotoksik kuat pada berbagai jenis sel kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek hambatan karsinogenesis ekstrak etanol daun Aglaia elliptica Blume pada mamae tikus betina galur Sprague Dawley (SD) yang diinduksi 7,12 dimetilbenz[a] antracene (DMBA). Penelitian diawali dengan induksi 50 ekor tikus betina galur SD menggunakan DMBA dosis 20 mg/kg BB secara oral sebanyak 11 kali. Sebanyak 25 ekor tikus betina yang tumbuh tumor mamae dibagi dalam 5 kelompok. Tiga kelompok diberi ekstrak pada dosis 50, 100 dan 200 mg/200 g BB sehari setelah muncu tumor selama 30 hari, 1 kelompok sebagai kontrol negatif dan 1 kelompok sebagai kontrol positif (diberi doksorubisin 2 μg/200 g BB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induksi DMBA memberikan insidensi tumor sebesar 74% dan multiplisitas sebesar 2 nodul/ekor. Hasil analisis histopatologi tumor mamae menunjukkan bahwa tingkat karsinogenesis sampai kategori Ductal Carcinoma Invasive (DCIV). Pemberian ekstrak etanol dosis 50,100 dan 200 mg/200 g BB dapat menekan pertumbuhan volume tumor berturut-turut sebesar 30%, 33.5% dan 37.4%

Accuracy of Core Needle Biopsy for Musculoskeletal Lesion in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta

Core needle biopsy (CNB) is considered to have similar results with open biopsy in accuracy and already becomes a routine procedure to establish the diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesion. However, the accuracy of CNB for muskuloskeletal lesion in Indonesia has not been reported. The aims of the study to know the accuracy of CNB for muskuloskeletal tumor diagnoses. From January 2011 to August 2015, all patients with musculoskeletal lesion in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital underwent CNB and subsequently, tumour excision were indentified and enrolled. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated for both histopathology and clinicopathological conference (CPC) conclusion. A total of 86 samples were enrolled in this study. The accuracy of CNB compared to post excision histopathology is 74.4%. With CPC conclusion, the accuracy is 83.7% with sensitivity 98%, specificity 59% (p<0.001). The accuracy of CNB after immunohistochemistry was increased from 74.4% to 84.9% with sensitivity 98%. The accuracy of CNB was 97.1% and 82.7% for benign lesion and malignant lesion respectively (p<0.01). The accuracy of CNB to differ and to confirm diagnosis as primary or metastatic lesion was 97.2% and 85.7% respectively (p<0.001). Inconclusion, CNB is a reliable diagnostic method to establish musculoskeletal tumor diagnoses. CPC significantly provides better accuracy rate of CNB

Serum and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a predictor of rat kidney histopathology in an early ischemia-reperfusion model

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The severity of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) kidney injury is highly correlated with mortality and morbidity rate. Research on human and animal prove that NGAL predicts kidney injury at early phase. The objective of this study is to prove that the increase in serum and urinary NGAL are correlated with kidney tubular epithelial damage, and this increase has occurred in initiation phase, indicated by rat kidney histopathology in an early I/R model.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Twenty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: 4 hour sham (Sham 4), 8 hour sham (Sham 8), 10 minute ischemia 4 hour reperfusion (I/R 4) and 10 minute ischemia 8 hour reperfusion (I/R 8). Blood, urine and kidney samples were collected. Serum creatinine level was analyzed with Jaffe method, while serum and urinary NGAL level were analyzed with direct sandwich ELISA method. Evaluation of kidney damage were measured semi quantitatively in tissue stained with HE. Further evaluation to confirm cellular changes on kidney was performed by electron microscope and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Serum NGAL was found significantly correlated with degree of kidney tissue damage (ρSpearman NGAL serum = 0.701, p &lt; 0.001), also urinary NGAL (ρSpearman = 0.689, p &lt; 0.001). NGAL expression differs significantly between I/R group and sham (t-test, t = -26635.056, p &lt; 0.001), also kidney damage (t-test, t = -5.028, p &lt; 0.001), and serum and urinary NGAL levels (Mann-Whitney, U = 0, p &lt; 0.001). With cutoff points of 136.95 ng/mL and 58.69 ng/mL subsequently for serum and urinary NGAL , it is found that sensitivity = 1, specificity = 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Elevation of serum and urinary NGAL are significantly correlated with epithelial tubular kidney damage on rat undergoing early ischaemia reperfusion. <em><strong>(Med J Indones. 2012;21:208-13)</strong></em></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong><em> Early I/R kidney injury, kidney histopathology, NGAL</em></p