EVALUASI SEDIAAN EMULGEL ANTI JERAWAT TEA TREE (Melaleuca alternifolia) OIL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN HPMC SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT

Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil memiliki terpinen-4-ol yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri dan anti jamur yang memiliki potensi efektivitas mengobati jerawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi pembuatan sediaan dan evaluasi sediaan emugel Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil dengan menggunakan Hidroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) sebagai gelling agent.Untuk memperoleh sediaan emulgel yang memiliki stabilitas baik maka dilakukan serangkaian tahapan penelitian mulai dari pengumpulan bahan baku, formulasi dan evaluasi sediaan emulgel Tea tre oil. Formulasi yang dibuat terdiri dari tiga formula yaitu F1, F2 dan F3 dengan variasi HPMC sebagai gelling agent. Evaluasi yang dilakukan adalah uji organoleptik, pH, homogenitas, daya sebar, viskositas, Cycling test dan uji hedonik. Analisis data hasil uji viskositas dan uji hedonik diolah dengan penjabaran deskriptif. Hasil uji hedonik menunjukan bahwa emulgel anti jerawat tea tree oil dapat diterima oleh responden. Kata kunci : emulgel, Melaleuca alternifolia, HPM

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN OBAT KUMUR EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MANGGA HARUMANIS (Mangifera indica, L) TERHADAP STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS PENYEBAB KARIES GIGI

Dental caires is a disease of the oral cavity caused by the bacterium Streptococcus mutants. Treatment is usually done by using mouthwash which if used continuously will cause side effects. Therefore, need to develop mouthwash preparations from natural ingredients. One of the potential plants is mango harumnais (Mangifera Indica, L) leaves which contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins and polyphenols as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the activity of the ethanol extract of haruman mango leaves mouthwash that can affect the growth of streptococcus mutants’ bacteria and produce stable preparations during the storage period. By varying the concentration of harumanis mango leaf extracts of 10, 15, and 20%, the concentration was based on the MIC results of the ethanol extract of harumanis mango leaf. The results of testing preparations that have the potential as an antibacterial are in formula III with the formation of the largest inhibitory zone of 5.35 mm, formula II 5.06 mm, formula III 3.26 mm. The mouthwash of ethanol extract of harumanis mango leaves (Mangifera Indica, L) meets the requirements and the preparation is stable in a 30-day storage period

FORMULASI FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLET (FDT) ASPIRIN SEBAGAI ANTIPLATELET DENGAN Ac-Di-Sol® SEBAGAI SUPERDISINTEGRANT

Aspirin merupakan obat antiplatelet pada dosis 75-150 mg per hari. Aspirin termasuk dalam kelompok Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) kelas 2 yang memiliki kelarutan rendah tetapi permeabilitas tinggi. Salah satu teknologi farmasi yang sedang berkembang saat ini adalah FDT (Fast Disintegrating Tablet) yang akan hancur ketika tablet diletakkan di rongga mulut, sehingga dapat memudahkan pemberian obat secara oral pada pasien pediatri, geriatri atau pasien cacat mental yang mungkin sulit menelan tablet konvensional dengan bantuan air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh Ac-Di-Sol terhadap waktu hancur dan profil disolusi FDT aspirin. Dibuat 3 formula yang mengandung Ac-Di-Sol sebagai superdisintegrant pada formula 1, 2 dan 3 secara berturut-turut 1%; 2%; dan 3%. Tablet dibuat dengan metode kempa langsung. Evaluasi tablet meliputi organoleptik, keseragaman ukuran, keseragaman bobot, kerapuhan, kekerasan, waktu hancur, penetapan kadar, keseragaman kandungan dan uji disolusi. Formula 3 yang mengandung Ac-Di-Sol 3% merupakan formula paling optimal dengan waktu hancur 1,65 menit. Persen terdisolusi pada waktu ke-30 menit pada formula 1, 2 dan 3 secara berturut-turut menghasilkan 101,07%; 101,26%; dan 103,36%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Ac-Di-Sol mempengaruhi waktu hancur dan profil disolusi FDT aspirin. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi Ac-Di-Sol, maka waktu hancur akan semakin cepat dan profil disolusi semakin meningkat. Kata kunci:  Aspirin, Superdisintegrant, FDT.

FORMULATION AND EFFECTIVITY OF THE ANTIOXIDANT GEL PREPARATION CONTAINING ZEAXANTHIN AS ANTI AGING

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the IC50 value of zeaxanthin, to know the formula that meets the requirements of the results of physical evaluation of gel preparations, and to know the effectiveness of zeaxanthin gel as an anti-aging on the skin. Methods: The preparation of this gel is made using zeaxanthin as an active substance with concentrations of 5%; 7.5%; and 10%. Tests conducted are organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH, spreadability, viscosity, irritation test and cycling test. Tests conducted are organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH, spreadability, viscosity, irritation test and cycling test. Tests on the effectiveness of zeaxanthin gel preparations against the backs of volunteers' hands were divided into 4 groups as well as testing conducted over 28 d. Results: The results showed a value of IC50 zeaxanthin of 9.044 μg/ml, all gel preparations met the requirements of physical evaluation results except in cycling test and test results of the effectiveness of zeaxanthin gel preparations on the backs of volunteer hands there was an increase in humidity with an average increase of 33.17%±11.867 and wrinkles obedience with an average decrease of 47.466%±7.115. Conclusion: Zeaxanthin can be formulated as gel anti-aging

FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND STABILITY STUDY OF FAST DISSOLVING THIN FILM CONTAINING ASTAXANTHIN NANOEMULSION USING HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYL CELLULOSE POLYMER

Objective: The present study was conducted to formulate and characterize the thin film containing astaxanthin nanoemulsion (TF-ASN) using Hydroxypropylmethyl Cellulose (HPMC) polymer as a film matrix system. The stability studies in different storage conditions were also performed. Methods: Astaxanthin nanoemulsion (As-NE) was prepared by using self-nanoemulsifying method, followed by incorporation into the HPMC matrix system by solvent casting method to forming TF-ASN. Evaluation of TF-ASN was performed by physical and mechanical characterizations. Stability study was carried out in both of accelerated (temperature of 40±2 °C/75±5% RH) and non-accelerated (at ambient temperature) conditions. Assay of astaxanthin in individual TF-ASN was determined compared to pure astaxanthin. Results: TF-ASN had good physical and mechanical characteristics that suitable for intraoral administration. Conclusion: For the study of stability under different storage conditions, it was proven that nanoemulsion form was packed in a HPMC matrix could enhance the stability of the astaxanthin

FORMULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI SNE (SELF NANOEMULSION) BUAH KURMA MUDA SEBAGAI ANTIINFERTILITAS

Infertilitas masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia termasuk Indonesia. World Health Organization(WHO) secara global memperkirakan adanya kasus infertil pada 8%-10% pasangan, berdasarkangambaran global populasi maka sekitar 50-80 juta pasangan (1 dari 7 pasangan). Orang Arab percayabahwa sari kurma dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan kehamilan, bahkan beberapa orang Indonesia punmempercayai dan telah membuktikannya. Kandungan utama buah kurma yang bekerja sebagaiantioksidan kuat yaitu fenolik dan flavonoid. Antioksidan tersebut berfungsi untuk menghentikanreaksi berantai akibat stres oksidatif yang akan menghasilkan molekul pro-oksidan atau spesiesoksigen reaktif. Antioksidan ini dapat memberikan efek pada kualitas oosit, interaksi sperma dan seltelur, implantasi dan perkembangan embrionik awal. Maka upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasipermasalahan tersebut adalah dengan pembuatan formulasi SNEDDS buah kurma muda sebagai antiinfertilitas. Partikel zat aktif yang berukuran kecil akan meningkatkan luas permukaan secarasignifikan sehingga mampu menambah kelarutan, laju disolusi, dan absorpsi zat aktif di dalam tubuh.Hasil SNE yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi menggunakan Particle Size Analyzer, Electrophoretic LightScattering, dan Cone and Plat Brookfield. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan sediaanSNEDDS untuk mengatasi masalah infertilitas melalui penggunaan buah kurma muda, sediaankemudian dikemas dalam bentuk sachet supaya lebih menarik, praktis, mudah dibawa, danmemudahkan dalam penggunaan sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien dalammeminum obat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nanoemulsi ekstrak buah kurma muda yangdikembangkan memiliki ukuran globul 10-20 nm (dengan kurva distribusi ukuran globul normal), nilaiindeks polidispersitas kurang dari 1, dan potensial zeta lebih besar dari (-20) mV

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAUN MANGGA MANGIFERA INDICA L. VAR.GEDONG MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH

Antioksidan adalah suatu zat yang dapat melindungi senyawa kimia didalam tubuh dari reaksi oksidasi dengan cara bereaksi dengan radikal bebas dan jenis oksigen reaktif di dalam tubuh. Mangifera indica, yang umumnya dikenal sebagai tanaman mangga telah menjadi sumber antioksidan yang kuat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun mangga gedong dengan menggunakan metode pengujian antioksidan DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara refluks menggunakan pelarut dengan kepolaran meningkat. Ekstrak dipekatkan dengan rotavapor. Masing-masing ekstrak dipantau secara kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Selanjutnya dilakukan uji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak daun mangga gedong dengan metode DPPH dan penetapan IC50 peredaman radikal DPPH. Aktivitas antioksidan (%) dalam daun mangga gedong untuk ekstrak n-heksana adalah 10,11; Ekstrak etil asetat 98,70; dan Ekstrak etanol 94,95. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dengan metode DPPH diberikan oleh ekstrak etil asetat. Sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan terendah ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak n-heksana. Estrak etil asetat daun mangga gedong mempunyai nilai IC50 yang sama dengan vitamin C

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF EDIBLE FILM BETEL (PIPER BETLE L.) LEAVES EXTRACT AS MOUTH FRESHNER

Objective: The purpose of this study is to create and assess edible film formulations from betel (Piper betle L.) leaf extract that may be used to treat Streptococcus mutans bacteria-caused halitosis. Methods: Using ethanol as a solvent, the extraction process was employed to produce a concentrated extract of betel leaf. To find the minimum dose that could suppress bacteria development, the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of betel leaf was studied on streptococcus bacteria. The dosage of the betel leaf ethanol extract formula and the creation of edible film formulations are then based on the results of the antibacterial activity and evaluation of edible films. Results: The ethanol extract of betel leaf and edible film formulations can both prevent the growth of S. mutans bacteria, according to the results of the antibacterial activity test. The evaluation's findings demonstrate that the three edible film formulations of betel leaf ethanol extract satisfy the Indonesian National Standard's requirements (SNI). When compared to the other formula. Formula 3 demonstrated the strongest antibacterial activity. Conclusion: According to the study's findings, it is possible to apply the ethanol extract of betel leaf in the form of an edible film. S. mutans bacteria can have their growth inhibited by betel leaf ethanol extract. The betel leaf ethanol extract edible film formula has satisfied the criteria, and formula 3 was the best edible film formula

FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND DETERMINATION OF THE DIFFUSION RATE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT SERUM CONTAINING ASTAXANTHIN NANOEMULSION

Objective: Astaxanthin is one of the natural carotenoids with strong antioxidant characteristics which is widely used in skin care. The aim of this study was developed to formulate and characterize the antioxidant serum containing astaxanthin nanoemulsion and the diffusion rate studies using diffusion Franz method. Methods: Astaxanthin nanoemulsion (As-NE) was prepared by using the self-nanoemulsifying method, followed by incorporation into serum preparation with the using carbomer as a gelling agent. Evaluation of serum As-NE was performed by physical, chemical characterizations and diffusion assay. Stability study was carried out in both accelerated (temperature of 40±2 °C/75±5%RH) and non-accelerated (at ambient temperature) conditions. Results: These results suggest that antioxidant serum As-NE had good physical and chemical characteristics that are suitable for topical administration. Conclusion: For the study of diffusion and stability under different storage conditions, it was proven that antioxidant serum As-NE form was packed in a carbomer as a gelling agent that could enhance the stability and diffusion rate of the astaxanthin

FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FACIAL SERUM FROM ASTAXANTHIN-BETA CAROTENE NANOEMULSION AS AN ANTIOXIDANT

Objective: The purpose of this study is to make facial serum from astaxanthin-beta carotene nanoemulsion as an antioxidant. Methods: Nanoemulsions were prepared using Spontaneous Nanoemulsion (SNE) method with a ratio of 1:8:1 for (Sunflower oil): surfactant (Kolliphor® RH40): and co-surfactant (PEG 400). Physical nanoemulsion characterization includes globule size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, visual appearance, pH and entrapment efficiency test. The best results from nanoemulsion were then combined into serum preparations which were then tested for evaluation of the preparations, including organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, adhesion and stability test (cycling test). Results: The results showed that the nanoemulsion of astaxanthin and beta-carotene combination that had been developed had a globule size of<50 nm (with a normal globule size distribution curve), polydispersity index value was less than 0.5, zeta potential was greater than-20 mV and entrapment efficiency was ranging from 80-85%. The results of the preparation evaluation showed that serum astaxanthin-beta carotene nanoemulsion had good results in physical, chemical and stability test during storage. The best serum formula is formula 3 when viewed from the results of the evaluation of the dosage form with an IC50 value of 8.562 ppm with a very strong category as an antioxidant. Conclusion: Facial serum from astaxanthin-beta carotene is the potential to be an antioxidant