SUSTAINABLE REGENERATION OF MORDENITE MINERAL AS ION EXCHANGER FOR REMOVAL IRON AND MANGANESE IN GROUNDWATER

Access to clean water is a basic need for humans. At present, groundwater quality is a fundamental consideration factor in its utilization. Metal removal in groundwater with filtering techniques has been done quite a lot with various media, one of which is zeolite. However, the pore blockage often becomes a problem, so it inhibits the process and shortens the life of the stone in adsorbing iron and manganese, to overcome this problem regeneration is needed so that Mordenite can be reused. This research aims to study the method of regeneration chemically and biologically so as to improve the ability of Mordenite in removing iron and manganese by using a continuous bed reactor with an up-flow system for 60 minutes. Activation and regeneration of Mordenite from natural zeolite is carried out chemically using NH4Cl by immersion method, while biological regeneration is carried out by utilizes Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria. The removal efficiency obtained will decrease as the adsorbent is used. Efforts to increase the adsorption capacity will continue to be carried out by giving chemical and biological regeneration. Furthermore, adsorption capacity and removal efficiency in each variation of Mordenite mineral adsorbents are included in the scope of the research

Bioregeneration of saturated natural mordenite to reduce iron and manganese in groundwater

Significant improvement of technologies was developed to remove iron and manganese contamination from ground water. One of the technologies is the use of adsorbents but, recycling of used adsorbents is little to be done. Only a few researchers reported studies that highlighted on recovery of adsorbent through biological processes. In this study, bio-regeneration chosen as a technical approach to reduce the rate of waste generation from the saturated mordenite (adsorbent). The principle of bio-regeneration adopted the mechanism of desorption after the use of adsorbents by empowering single culture of microorganism. To determine its capacity, activated minerals mordenite were used to treat water containing 2.29 ppm of Iron and 2.47 ppm of manganese for the first stage (Pre bio-regeneration). This artificial iron and manganese contaminated solution was used as a representation of ground water in Bandung area. The reactor used have continuous stream with up-flow direction. Iron and manganese removal efficiency respectively in the 1st stage of adsorption (before bio-regeneration process) reaches 95% and 97%. After the 72 hour submergence process by cultivated Thiobacillus ferooxidan, ability of the adsorbent still fulfil the drinking water quality standard in Minister of Health Regulation No. 492 of 2010. The removal efficiency reached 85% for iron but not suitable for manganese which only reached 30% of removal. This bio-regeneration can be applied as much as 2 times rounds

Peat water treatment using oxidation and physical filtration system and its performance in reducing iron (Fe), turbidity, and color

This research was conducted to treat peat water using oxidation and physical filtration system. Initially, the characterization of peat water was determined by three parameters, including iron (Fe), turbidity, and color. These three parameters exhibited values that exceeded the water standard limit. This study used two samples consisting of high and low iron content. Both samples were treated using NaClO for the oxidation-catalytic process and Manganese sand for the filter. The trial time is 67 minutes by calculating the value of each parameter every 10 minutes. The result shows different performance in the sample with low iron and high iron. In the sample with low iron (0.32 mg/l), the efficiency of reducing iron is 65.62%, the efficiency of reducing turbidity is 78.95% and the efficiency of reducing color is 78.77%. The results obtained showed differences in samples with high iron (6.75 mg / l). Iron reduction efficiency is 29.17%, turbidity reduction efficiency is 69.05% and color reduction efficiency is 61.32%

Transforming Bubble Wrap and Packaging Plastic Waste into Valuable Fuel Resources

This study aimed to investigate the potential of plastic waste, specifically bubble wrap and packaging plastic, as a fuel source through pyrolysis process. The samples were analyzed using FTIR and GC-MS. The results showed that both samples contained alkanes and alkenes, with hydrocarbon fractions like those found in gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel. The pyrolysis process resulted in hydrocarbon fractions ranging from light to heavy fractions. The bubble wrap sample showed the highest percentage of hydrocarbon fraction in the kerosene range (C10-C13), with an area of 19.23%. In contrast, the packaging plastic sample showed the highest percentage of hydrocarbon fraction in the diesel range (C14-C20), with an area percentage of 19.67%. The calorific value of the pyrolysis products was also determined, with the bubble wrap sample having a higher value than that of gasoline, while the packaging plastic sample had a value close to that of kerosene. The results of this study suggest that plastic waste has the potential to be converted into fuel, which can contribute to sustainable development by reducing dependence on fossil fuels and reducing plastic waste. However, further refinement of the pyrolysis products is needed to meet commercial fuel standards