A Rare Case of Chondrolipoma of the Breast

In 1971, Arrigoni MG et al., used the term “hamartoma” for breast lesions in 10 patients who presented with encapsulated breast tumours clinically and grossly resembling fibroadenomas. Hamartomas in breast lesions are very uncommon and include adenolipoma and chondrolipoma. Despite the availability of imaging modalities, it is often difficult to distinguish fibroadenoma from breast carcinoma. Chondrolipoma of the breast is a rare benign mesenchymal tumour composed of adipose and mature cartilaginous tissue, which is often mistaken for malignant lesions in preoperative studies, leading to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Hence, a proper histopathological examination is required for a correct diagnosis. Only eight cases have been reported in the literature. This report presents one such rare case of lump in a 67-year-old female, which was suspected to be a fibroadenoma clinically and radiologically, but was diagnosed as chondrolipoma on histopathological examination. All routine investigations were within normal limits, and a clinical diagnosis of fibroadenoma was made. Mammography was done, comprising fat, soft tissue, and calcific strandings along with coarse calcific specks suggestive of BI-RADS (Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System) Category 3: high probability of being benign

Monoblastic Sarcoma- A Rare Case Report of Myeloid Sarcoma Variant

Myeloid sarcoma, also known as chloroma, granulocytic sarcoma, extramedullary Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML), myeloblastoma or extramedullary myeloid tumour, is a rare manifestation, characterised by the proliferation of immature myeloid cells, myeloblasts or monoblasts occurring as one or more tumour at an extramedullary site. It is associated with disruption of normal architecture of tissue in which it is found. Monoblastic sarcoma is a rare variant of myeloid sarcoma. Hereby, the authors report a rare case of primary monoblastic sarcoma in a 64-year-old male patient presented with complaint of swelling over right side lower cervical region. He had no history of AML. On physical examination, the swelling was over medial one-third of right clavicle measuring 6×5.8×3 cm. The swelling was excised and sent for histopathological examination, which was diagnosed as monoblastic sarcoma, and confirmed on immunohistochemistry

Evaluation of Serum β2-Microglobulin Levels in Histologically Diagnosed Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

Introduction: Oral cancer presents challenging and unresolved problems for the human population, accounting for as much as 30-40% of all carcinomas in India. The current research focuses on the use of the tumour marker β2-microglobulin as a surrogate marker in patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) for early detection of cancer. Aim: To evaluate the level of serum β2-microglobulin in histologically diagnosed OSCC patients and compare it with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology at SN Medical College, Agra, over a period of one year and six months. The study included 50 histologically diagnosed OSCC cases and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were taken from the healthy controls and OSCC patients, and the level of serum β2-microglobulin was measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11. Z test and ANOVA test were used to compare various parameters. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. R esults: In the 50 cases of OSCC, the mean±SD of serum β2-microglobulin was 2.99±0.85 μg/mL, while in the healthy controls, it was 1.30±0.10 μg/mL, with a p-value <0.001, which was statistically significant. The mean±SD of serum β2-microglobulin in cases of Well Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (WDSCC) was 2.40±1.59 μg/mL, whereas it was 3.09±1.52 μg/mL in Moderately Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (MDSCC) and 3.46±0.03 μg/mL in Poorly Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinoma (PDSCC), with a p-value of <0.05, which was statistically significant. Increased levels of serum β2-microglobulin were observed among all cases of OSCC. Loss of differentiation in Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) was associated with an increase in levels of serum β2-microglobulin. C onclusion: Due to its minimally invasive nature and quick availability of results, serum β2-microglobulin can be used for diagnosis of OSCC. Therefore, it is recommended to monitor levels of serum β2-microglobulin in patients with OSCC