A correlation between clinical severity and functional state with nerve conduction studies findings in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is the most common compressive neuropathy in the general population, and it may lead to disabling symptoms and significant functional limitation. This systematic review covered Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, LILACS, and SCIELO databases, with no time or language delimitations. The PICO strategy defined the search strategy with keywords extracted from the Medical Subjects Headings, and the quality of the studies was evaluated by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) scale. Overall, 857 studies were identified, of which only 10 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Despite the good results shown, a noticeable heterogeneity was observed among the studies included, associated with methodological discrepancy and to limited sample size in a few of them. Four studies showed no correlation between electrophysiological findings and clinical symptoms and signs, whereas three could demonstrate such association and other three studies had equivocal results. Other studies are necessary, with better methodological standards and more homogeneous and precise evaluations, so as to improve the level of scientific evidence.A síndrome do Túnel do Carpo é a neuropatia compressiva mais frequente na população geral que pode levar a sintomas incapacitantes e significativa limitação funcional. Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, LILACS e SCIELO, sem delimitação de tempo ou idioma. Utilizou-se da estratégia PICO para a pesquisa, palavras-chave extraídas dos Descritores de Ciências da Saúde (Decs) e a qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada através da escala Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Identificaram-se 857 estudos dos quais, somente 10 obedeceram aos critérios de inclusão. Apesar dos bons resultados apresentados, verificou-se uma expressiva heterogeneidade existente entre os estudos incluídos, associado à discrepância metodológica, e um limitado tamanho amostral em alguns deles. São necessários estudos com melhor padrão metodológico, bem como avaliações mais homogêneas e precisas, a fim de melhorar o nível de evidência científica

Thalidomide-induced sensory polyneuropathy and electrophysiological study of the sural nerve as a screening diagnosis: a case report

Polineuropatia é uma condição clínica freqüente com sintomatologia debilitante e o tratamento depende fundamentalmente da etiologia. Inúmeras são as causas possíveis deste tipo de distúrbio e o diagnóstico etiológico nem sempre é fácil. Neste relato de caso descrevemos um caso de um paciente com mieloma múltiplo que evoluiu com polineuropatia puramente sensitiva, comprovada por estudo eletrofisiológico, induzida por talidomida.Polyneuropathy is a common clinical condition with debilitating symptoms whose treatment depends on etiology. There are numerous possible causes of this type of disorder and the etiological diagnosis is not always easy. In this case report we describe a case of a patient with multiple myeloma who developed purely sensory polyneuropathy, confirmed by electrophysiological study, induced by thalidomide

A new way of valorizing biomaterials: the use of sunflower protein for 1 a-tocopherol microencapsulation

Biopolymer based microparticles were efficiently prepared from sunflower protein (SP) wall material and a-tocopherol (T) active core using a spray-drying technique. Protein enzymatic hydrolysis and/or N-acylation were carried out to make some structural modifications to the vegetable protein. Native and hydrolyzed SP were characterized by Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AsFlFFF). Results of AsFlFFF confirmed that size of proteinic macromolecules was influenced by degree of hydrolysis. The effect of protein modifications and the influence of wall/core ratio on both emulsions and microparticle properties were evaluated. Concerning emulsion properties, enzymatic hydrolysis involved a decrease in viscosity, whereas acylation did not significantly affect emulsion droplet size and viscosity. Microparticles obtained with hydrolyzed SP wall material showed lower retention efficiency (RE) than native SP microparticles (62-80% and 93% respectively). Conversely, acylation of both hydrolyzed SP and native SP allowed a higher RE to be reached (up to 100%). Increasing T concentration increased emulsion viscosity, emulsion droplet size, microparticle size, and enhanced RE. These results demonstrated the feasibility of high loaded (up to 79.2% T) microparticles

Ganglionopatia como manifestação inicial de neoplasia pulmonar: relato de caso

Ganglionopathy is a rare condition defined by an injury to the sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion. This disease belongs to a group of peripheral polyneuropathies with an exclusively sensory and axonal pattern and its diagnoses can be made by an electromyoneurographic study. The association between ganglionopathy and other underlying pathologies, such as some types of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and celiac disease is often mentioned in published studies. The purpose of this report was to describe the case of a patient suffering from ganglionopathy including a detailed discussion of the electromyoneurographic study that led the attending physician to a diagnosis of neoplastic lung disease. The conclusion therefore was that it is important for the neurophysiology specialist to keep in mind the possible causes of ganglionopathy and, through this diagnosis, to help the attending physician in making an early and full workup of the patient.A ganglionopatia é uma entidade rara que consiste na afecção dos neurônios sensitivos da raiz dorsal, fazendo parte do grupo das polineuropatias periféricas do tipo exclusivamente sensitivo com comprometimento axonal e tendo seu diagnóstico feito através de estudo eletroneuromiográfico. A associação entre a ganglionopatia e outras patologias como neoplasias, doenças autoimunes, doença celíaca, entre outras é amplamente citada na literatura. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o caso clínico de um paciente com diagnóstico de neoplasia pulmonar cuja manifestação inicial foi a ganglionopatia, incluindo a descrição detalhada do exame eletroneuromiográfico que auxiliou no processo diagnóstico do médico assistente. Concluímos ser importante que o médico neurofisiologista tenha em mente as possíveis causas da ganglionopatia e saiba apontar o médico assistente para que a investigação possa ser realizada de maneira completa e precoce

The contribution of concentric electrode-evoked potentials and nociceptive withdrawal reflex to the routine neurophysiological assessment of neuropathic pain:cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Conventional electrodiagnostic studies (EDX) are frequently used to support the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathic pain. However, routine EDX has poor diagnostic yield for identifying small fiber neuropathy, which may be cause of neuropathic pain in some patients. This study aimed to assess the gain in diagnostic yield brought by adding pain-related evoked potentials with concentric electrode (CN-PREP) and nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) assessments to EDX.METHODS:Transversal observational accuracy study which included patients referred to routine EDX in a tertiary-care hospital who reported chronic neuropathic pain in their lower limbs. Besides routine EDX, subjects underwent CN-PREP and NWR assessments. Diagnostic yield and tolerability were examined and compared between test studies.RESULTS:The study enrolled 100 patients (54% female), with 57 ± 12 years. EDX was altered in 47% of all patients. The addition of CN-PREP alone, and NWR combined with CN-PREP increased diagnostic yield to 69% and 72%, respectively. CN-PREP proved to be well tolerable, while NWR was associated with higher test-related pain intensity and discontinuation rate (9% vs. 0%). Considering EDX as the reference test, CN-PREP sensitivity was 85.1% and specificity 58.5%.CONCLUSION:Combining CN-PREP with the routine EDX for patients with neuropathic pain is feasible and results in increased diagnostic yield. Conversely, the addition of NWR to the aforementioned tests provides little improvement to this yield and is less tolerable to the patient. Further studies are needed to determine the actual sensitivity and specificity of CN-PREP when compared to the gold-standard for small fiber neuropathy diagnosis, i.e. intraepidermal nerve fiber density assessment

Structure retrieval in liquid-phase electron scattering

Electron scattering on liquid samples has been enabled recently by the development of ultrathin liquid sheet technologies. The data treatment of liquid-phase electron scattering has been mostly reliant on methodologies developed for gas electron diffraction, in which theoretical inputs and empirical fittings are often needed to account for the atomic form factor and remove the inelastic scattering background. The accuracy and impact of these theoretical and empirical inputs has not been benchmarked for liquid-phase electron scattering data. In this work, we present an alternative data treatment method that requires neither theoretical inputs nor empirical fittings. The merits of this new method are illustrated through the retrieval of real-space molecular structure from experimental electron scattering patterns of liquid water, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and dichloromethane

Structure retrieval in liquid-phase electron scattering

Electron scattering on liquid samples has been enabled recently by the development of ultrathin liquid sheet technologies. The data treatment of liquid-phase electron scattering has been mostly reliant on methodologies developed for gas electron diffraction, in which theoretical inputs and empirical fittings are often needed to account for the atomic form factor and remove the inelastic scattering background. In this work, we present an alternative data treatment method that is able to retrieve the radial distribution of all the charged particle pairs without the need of either theoretical inputs or empirical fittings. The merits of this new method are illustrated through the retrieval of real-space molecular structure from experimental electron scattering patterns of liquid water, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and dichloromethane. Shown here is the arXiv version

Liquid-phase mega-electron-volt ultrafast electron diffraction

The conversion of light into usable chemical and mechanical energy is pivotal to several biological and chemical processes, many of which occur in solution. To understand the structure-function relationships mediating these processes, a technique with high spatial and temporal resolutions is required. Here, we report on the design and commissioning of a liquid-phase mega-electron-volt (MeV) ultrafast electron diffraction instrument for the study of structural dynamics in solution. Limitations posed by the shallow penetration depth of electrons and the resulting information loss due to multiple scattering and the technical challenge of delivering liquids to vacuum were overcome through the use of MeV electrons and a gas-accelerated thin liquid sheet jet. To demonstrate the capabilities of this instrument, the structure of water and its network were resolved up to the 3 rd hydration shell with a spatial resolution of 0.6 Å; preliminary time-resolved experiments demonstrated a temporal resolution of 200 fs

Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel syndrome in wheel-chair users due to medullary lesion

Medullary lesions create numerous functional limitations directly related to the loss of nervous functions. However, the mechanics associated with the use of a wheelchair impose a load on the upper limbs that seems to be linked to secondary lesions in the tendinous and nervous structures. Objective: This study seeks to evaluate the appearance of signs of electromyographic impairments of the median nerve around the carpal tunnel in individuals who use wheelchairs due to medullary lesion. Method: Following a transversal design, all the individuals with medullary lesion in the rehabilitation program at the HC-FMUSP Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in the year 2010 were submitted to a study of nervous conduction and electromyography. Those findings were correlated with biodemographic and clinical variables, as well as to characteristics of the use of wheelchairs. Results: Twenty-eight (28) individuals were evaluated, with an average age of 41.4 years (60.7% males). Most patients moved the wheelchair for less than four hours and would move it less than 500 meters a day. An absence of painful symptoms was found in 67.9%, while only 7.1% presenting positive Phalen and/or Tinel test. Half of the sample presented the neurophysiological diagnostic of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), which had a statistically significant association with age (p = 0.024), but not with the time and distance moving the wheelchair daily, the use of protection or adaptation of the wheelchair, of pain in upper limbs, or the presence of positive signs of CTS in the physical exam. Conclusion: We concluded that the electromyographic signs of CTS are very prevalent in these individuals, which suggests more situations of risk for the integrity of their upper limbs and demands the development of a more efficient biomechanical strategy for prevention.A lesão medular acarreta inúmeras limitações funcionais diretamente relacionadas à perda das funções nervosas. Todavia, a mecânica associada ao uso de cadeiras de rodas impõe uma sobrecarga aos membros superiores que parece estar associada ao aparecimento de lesões secundárias em estruturas tendíneas e nervosas. Objetivo: Avaliar o surgimento de sinais eletromiográficos de comprometimento do nervo mediano na altura do túnel do carpo em indivíduos usuários de cadeiras de rodas devido à lesão medular. Método: Seguindo um desenho transversal, todos os indivíduos com lesão medular sob programa de reabilitação no Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação do HC-FMUSP no ano 2010 foram submetidos a estudo de condução nervosa e eletromiografia. Esses achados foram correlacionados com variáveis biodemográficas e clínicas, bem como características do uso de cadeiras de rodas. Resultados: Foram avaliados 28 indivíduos, com média de idade de 41,4 anos (60,7% homens). A maioria dos pacientes tocava a cadeira de rodas por um tempo inferior a quatro horas e percorria uma distância tocando a cadeira de rodas inferior a 500 metros por dia. A ausência de sintomas dolorosos ocorreu em 67,9%, enquanto apenas 7,1% apresentavam o teste de Phalen e/ou Tinel positivos. Metade da amostra apresentava o diagnóstico neurofisiológico de síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC), que apresentou associação estatisticamente significante com a idade (p = 0,024), mas não com tempo e distância percorrida tocando a cadeira de rodas diariamente, uso de proteção ou adaptação na cadeira de rodas, sintomatologia dolorosa em membros superiores ou presença de sinais positivos para STC ao exame físico. Conclusão: Os sinais eletromiográficos de STC são muito prevalentes nesses indivíduos, o que sugere maiores situações de risco para a integridade dos membros superiores e exige o desenvolvimento de estratégias biomecanicamente mais eficazes para a prevenção