Energy and volume of vector fields on spherical domains

We present in this paper a \boundary version" for theorems about minimality of volume and energy functionals on a spherical domain of threedimensional Euclidean sphere

X-ray powder diffraction of high-absorption materials at the XRD1 beamline off the best conditions: Application to (Gd,Nd)5Si4 compounds

Representative compounds of the new family of magnetic materials Gd5-xNdxSi4 were analyzed by X-ray diffraction at the XRD1 beamline at LNLS. To reduce X-ray absorption, thin layers of the powder samples were mounted outside the capillaries and measured in Debye-Scherrer geometry as usual. The X-ray diffraction analyses and the magnetometry results indicate that the behavior of the magnetic transition temperature as a function of Nd content may be directly related to the average of the four smallest interatomic distances between different rare earth sites of the majority phase of each compound. The quality and consistency of the results show that the XRD1 beamline is able to perform satisfactory X-ray diffraction experiments on high-absorption materials even off the best conditions.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, 3 table

Coupling and higher-order effects in the 12C(d,p)13C and 13C(p,d)12C reactions

Coupled channels calculations are performed for the 12C(d,p)13C and 13C(p,d)12C reactions between 7 and 60 MeV to study the effect of inelastic couplings in transfer reactions. The effect of treating transfer beyond Born approximation is also addressed. The coupling to the 12C 2+ state is found to change the peak cross-section by up to 15 %. Effects beyond Born approximation lead to a significant renormalization of the cross-sections, between 5 and 10 % for deuteron energies above 10 MeV, and larger than 10 % for lower energies. We also performed calculations including the remnant term in the transfer operator, which has a small impact on the 12C(d,p)13C(g.s.) and 13C(p,d)12C(g.s.) reactions. Above 30 MeV deuteron energy, the effect of the remnant term is larger than 10 % for the 12C(d,p)13C(3.09 MeV) reaction and is found to increase with decreasing neutron separation energy for the 3.09 MeV state of 13C. This is of importance for transfer reactions with weakly bound nuclei.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.